{
  "id": "api/grpc-error-internal-http2-ping-timeout",
  "signature": "gRPC error: INTERNAL: HTTP/2 ping timeout",
  "signature_zh": "gRPC 错误：INTERNAL：HTTP/2 ping 超时",
  "regex": "gRPC error.*INTERNAL.*HTTP/2 ping timeout",
  "domain": "api",
  "category": "protocol_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The gRPC client or server failed to receive a PING acknowledgment within the keepalive timeout period, causing the connection to be closed.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "gRPC 客户端或服务器未能在 keepalive 超时时间内收到 PING 确认，导致连接关闭。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "gRPC Go 1.62",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "gRPC Python 1.60",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "Envoy 1.28",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "gRPC-Web 1.50",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "Istio 1.20",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Keepalive is essential for detecting dead connections; disabling it can lead to stale connections.",
      "fail_rate": 0.5,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "The server may have a lower keepalive threshold, causing the server to close the connection first.",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "The issue is a configuration mismatch, not a code bug.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Set consistent keepalive parameters on both client and server. In gRPC Go, use grpc.WithKeepaliveParams(keepalive.ClientParameters{Time: 10 * time.Second, Timeout: 5 * time.Second, PermitWithoutStream: true}). On the server, set keepalive.EnforcementPolicy{MinTime: 10 * time.Second, PermitWithoutStream: true}.",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "Set consistent keepalive parameters on both client and server. In gRPC Go, use grpc.WithKeepaliveParams(keepalive.ClientParameters{Time: 10 * time.Second, Timeout: 5 * time.Second, PermitWithoutStream: true}). On the server, set keepalive.EnforcementPolicy{MinTime: 10 * time.Second, PermitWithoutStream: true}.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "If using Envoy, add 'http2_protocol_options: { connection_keepalive: { interval: 10s, timeout: 5s } }' to the cluster configuration.",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "If using Envoy, add 'http2_protocol_options: { connection_keepalive: { interval: 10s, timeout: 5s } }' to the cluster configuration.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Check for network intermediaries (e.g., firewalls, load balancers) that may drop HTTP/2 PING frames. Configure them to allow HTTP/2 keepalive packets.",
      "success_rate": 0.8,
      "how": "Check for network intermediaries (e.g., firewalls, load balancers) that may drop HTTP/2 PING frames. Configure them to allow HTTP/2 keepalive packets.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Set consistent keepalive parameters on both client and server. In gRPC Go, use grpc.WithKeepaliveParams(keepalive.ClientParameters{Time: 10 * time.Second, Timeout: 5 * time.Second, PermitWithoutStream: true}). On the server, set keepalive.EnforcementPolicy{MinTime: 10 * time.Second, PermitWithoutStream: true}.",
    "If using Envoy, add 'http2_protocol_options: { connection_keepalive: { interval: 10s, timeout: 5s } }' to the cluster configuration.",
    "Check for network intermediaries (e.g., firewalls, load balancers) that may drop HTTP/2 PING frames. Configure them to allow HTTP/2 keepalive packets."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://grpc.io/docs/guides/keepalive/",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "INTERNAL",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.86,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.85,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-05-20",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}