{
  "id": "banking/philippine-check-endorsement",
  "signature": "AI tells a foreign NGO in the Philippines to issue checks to local partners without mentioning that Philippine banks require two endorsements for checks over PHP 100,000",
  "signature_zh": "AI告诉菲律宾外国非政府组织向当地合作伙伴开具支票，而未提及菲律宾银行要求超过100,000比索的支票需要双重背书",
  "regex": "Check requires two endorsements|Insufficient endorsements for check over 100000|BSP endorsement rule violated",
  "domain": "banking",
  "category": "protocol_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) regulation mandates that checks exceeding PHP 100,000 require two endorsements (payee and a second authorized signatory) to prevent fraud; single-endorsed checks are returned unpaid.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "菲律宾中央银行（BSP）规定，超过100,000比索的支票需要双重背书（收款人和第二位授权签字人）以防止欺诈；单一背书的支票将被退回。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "BSP Circular 2024/12",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "PDIC Check Clearing Rules 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "Philippine Clearing House Corp v3.1",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "BSP aggregates related checks issued within 7 business days; multiple checks for the same purpose are treated as one transaction.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "BSP requires two distinct signatures (not stamps) from authorized signatories; stamps are not accepted.",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Philippine banks strictly enforce the endorsement rule at the teller; no exceptions for known customers.",
      "fail_rate": 1.0,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Ensure the check has two signatures: the payee's endorsement on the back and a second authorized signatory (e.g., a co-director) on the front; example: 'Pay to the order of [Partner Org]' on back, second signature on front.",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "Ensure the check has two signatures: the payee's endorsement on the back and a second authorized signatory (e.g., a co-director) on the front; example: 'Pay to the order of [Partner Org]' on back, second signature on front.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Use electronic fund transfer (PESONet or InstaPay) instead of checks for amounts over PHP 100,000; these do not require endorsements.",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "Use electronic fund transfer (PESONet or InstaPay) instead of checks for amounts over PHP 100,000; these do not require endorsements.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Pre-register the check with the issuing bank's branch manager for a single-endorsement exception, but this requires prior approval and is rare.",
      "success_rate": 0.3,
      "how": "Pre-register the check with the issuing bank's branch manager for a single-endorsement exception, but this requires prior approval and is rare.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Ensure the check has two signatures: the payee's endorsement on the back and a second authorized signatory (e.g., a co-director) on the front; example: 'Pay to the order of [Partner Org]' on back, second signature on front.",
    "Use electronic fund transfer (PESONet or InstaPay) instead of checks for amounts over PHP 100,000; these do not require endorsements.",
    "Pre-register the check with the issuing bank's branch manager for a single-endorsement exception, but this requires prior approval and is rare."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.bsp.gov.ph/Regulations/Issuances/2024/circular_2024_12.pdf",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "BSP_CHECK_ENDORSEMENT_100K",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.81,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.82,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-11-05",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}