{
  "id": "banking/uk-open-banking-vrp-limit",
  "signature": "AI tells a UK fintech that Variable Recurring Payments (VRP) have no transaction limits, ignoring the CMA9 regulated maximum of £25,000 per payment under the Open Banking Standard",
  "signature_zh": "AI 告诉英国金融科技公司，可变重复付款 (VRP) 没有交易限额，忽略了 CMA9 根据开放银行标准规定的每笔付款最高 25,000 英镑的限制",
  "regex": "(?:VRP|variable recurring payment)\\s+(?:limit|cap|maximum|£25,000|25000)",
  "domain": "banking",
  "category": "config_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The CMA9 (Competition and Markets Authority) mandate for VRP under the UK Open Banking Standard (OBIE v3.1.8, 2023) caps each VRP payment at £25,000 for authorised push payments; this limit is enforced by ASPSPs (Account Servicing Payment Service Providers) per PSD2 regulatory technical standards.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "根据英国开放银行标准（OBIE v3.1.8，2023），CMA9（竞争与市场管理局）对 VRP 的授权规定每笔授权推送付款的 VRP 付款上限为 25,000 英镑；该限额由 ASPSP（账户服务支付服务提供商）根据 PSD2 监管技术标准强制执行。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "Open Banking Standard v3.1.8",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "PSD2 Regulatory Technical Standards (RTS)",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "CMA9 VRP Mandate 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "OBIE VRP Implementation Guide v1.2",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Setting VRP limit to £50,000 in the consent request — the ASPSP rejects with error code 'OB-AMT-EXCEEDED' because the CMA9 cap is hardcoded in the bank's API",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Using multiple VRP consents to bypass the limit — each consent still has the same £25,000 cap per payment, and cumulative daily limits may apply per PSU",
      "fail_rate": 0.5,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Implementing VRP as a domestic payment via Faster Payments — Faster Payments has its own £1,000,000 limit but VRP is a separate payment type with different API endpoints and constraints",
      "fail_rate": 0.65,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "For payments above £25,000, use a one-off payment via the domestic payment API instead of VRP. Example: `POST /payments/domestic-payments { \"amount\": 30000, \"currency\": \"GBP\", \"creditorAccount\": { \"accountNumber\": \"12345678\", \"sortCode\": \"12-34-56\" } }`",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "For payments above £25,000, use a one-off payment via the domestic payment API instead of VRP. Example: `POST /payments/domestic-payments { \"amount\": 30000, \"currency\": \"GBP\", \"creditorAccount\": { \"accountNumber\": \"12345678\", \"sortCode\": \"12-34-56\" } }`",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Split the large payment into multiple VRP payments under £25,000 each, spaced by at least 1 minute to avoid rate limiting. Example: `for i in {1..3}; do curl -X POST https://api.bank.com/vrp -d '{\"amount\": 20000, \"currency\": \"GBP\"}'; sleep 60; done`",
      "success_rate": 0.75,
      "how": "Split the large payment into multiple VRP payments under £25,000 each, spaced by at least 1 minute to avoid rate limiting. Example: `for i in {1..3}; do curl -X POST https://api.bank.com/vrp -d '{\"amount\": 20000, \"currency\": \"GBP\"}'; sleep 60; done`",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Contact the bank's Open Banking team to request a higher VRP limit for specific commercial agreements (possible for non-CMA9 banks or custom arrangements)",
      "success_rate": 0.3,
      "how": "Contact the bank's Open Banking team to request a higher VRP limit for specific commercial agreements (possible for non-CMA9 banks or custom arrangements)",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "对于超过 25,000 英镑的付款，请使用国内付款 API 进行一次性付款，而不是 VRP。示例：`POST /payments/domestic-payments { \"amount\": 30000, \"currency\": \"GBP\", \"creditorAccount\": { \"accountNumber\": \"12345678\", \"sortCode\": \"12-34-56\" } }`",
    "将大额付款拆分为多笔低于 25,000 英镑的 VRP 付款，每笔间隔至少 1 分钟以避免速率限制。示例：`for i in {1..3}; do curl -X POST https://api.bank.com/vrp -d '{\"amount\": 20000, \"currency\": \"GBP\"}'; sleep 60; done`",
    "联系银行的开放银行团队，请求为特定商业协议提高 VRP 限额（对于非 CMA9 银行或定制安排可能可行）"
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.openbanking.org.uk/providers/standards/vrp/",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "OB-VRP-25000",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.87,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "partial",
  "first_seen": "2024-09-10",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}