{
  "id": "cloud/gcp-cloud-sql-ssl-expired",
  "signature": "Error: SSL connection error: SSL certificate has expired",
  "signature_zh": "错误：SSL 连接错误：SSL 证书已过期",
  "regex": "SSL certificate has expired",
  "domain": "cloud",
  "category": "config_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The client SSL certificate for Cloud SQL has expired, causing all encrypted connections to be rejected by the server.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "Cloud SQL 的客户端 SSL 证书已过期，导致所有加密连接被服务器拒绝。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "Cloud SQL Proxy 2.11.0",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "MySQL 8.0",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "PostgreSQL 15",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Restarting does not renew expired SSL certificates; they are time-bound and must be regenerated.",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Disabling SSL verification bypasses security but does not fix the expired certificate; the server still rejects the connection.",
      "fail_rate": 0.8,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Timeout adjustments do not resolve authentication or certificate validation failures.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Generate a new client certificate using gcloud: gcloud sql ssl client-certs create client-cert.pem --instance=INSTANCE_NAME && gcloud sql ssl client-certs describe INSTANCE_NAME --cert-file=client-cert.pem",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "Generate a new client certificate using gcloud: gcloud sql ssl client-certs create client-cert.pem --instance=INSTANCE_NAME && gcloud sql ssl client-certs describe INSTANCE_NAME --cert-file=client-cert.pem",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Update the application to use the new certificate files (client-cert.pem, client-key.pem) and restart the application.",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "Update the application to use the new certificate files (client-cert.pem, client-key.pem) and restart the application.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Set up automatic certificate rotation using a cron job or Cloud Scheduler to run gcloud sql ssl client-certs create monthly.",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "Set up automatic certificate rotation using a cron job or Cloud Scheduler to run gcloud sql ssl client-certs create monthly.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "使用 gcloud 生成新的客户端证书：gcloud sql ssl client-certs create client-cert.pem --instance=INSTANCE_NAME && gcloud sql ssl client-certs describe INSTANCE_NAME --cert-file=client-cert.pem",
    "更新应用程序以使用新证书文件（client-cert.pem、client-key.pem）并重启应用程序。",
    "通过 cron 作业或 Cloud Scheduler 设置自动证书轮换，每月运行 gcloud sql ssl client-certs create。"
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/configure-ssl-instance",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "SSL_ERROR_CERTIFICATE_EXPIRED",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.85,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.88,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-03-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}