{
  "id": "disaster/flashflood-wading-people-chain-myth",
  "signature": "AI advises wading through floodwater in a human chain to cross safely (swept away and drowning risk)",
  "signature_zh": "AI 建议在洪水中手拉手排成人链以安全涉水（被冲走和溺亡风险）",
  "regex": "wad(e|ing).*flood.*(chain|link|hand)|human.*chain.*floodwater",
  "domain": "disaster",
  "category": "life_threatening",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Forming a human chain in moving floodwater multiplies the force on each person; if one slips, the entire chain is pulled under, and the combined weight makes rescue impossible.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "在流动的洪水中组成人链会倍增每个人承受的力；如果一人滑倒，整个链条会被拉入水中，且组合重量使得救援几乎不可能。",
  "versions": [],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "Use a long pole or rope for everyone to hold onto in the chain",
      "why_fails": "A rigid pole transmits the same force; a rope can slip or snap, and both still create a single point of failure with multiplied drag.",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Tie everyone together with a rope before wading",
      "why_fails": "Tying people together in moving water guarantees that if one is swept away, all are dragged down, turning a single drowning into a mass casualty event.",
      "fail_rate": 0.92,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Use inflatable devices like pool floats to stay afloat while in the chain",
      "why_fails": "Inflatable devices puncture easily on submerged debris and provide no stability; the chain structure still multiplies forces and prevents individual escape.",
      "fail_rate": 0.78,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Never wade through moving floodwater. Turn around, don't drown. Find an alternate route or wait for water to recede. If absolutely necessary, use a single sturdy stick to probe the ground ahead and move alone, facing upstream, with a flotation device.",
      "success_rate": 0.75,
      "how": "Never wade through moving floodwater. Turn around, don't drown. Find an alternate route or wait for water to recede. If absolutely necessary, use a single sturdy stick to probe the ground ahead and move alone, facing upstream, with a flotation device.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Call emergency services (e.g., 911 in US) for rescue if trapped by floodwater. Do not attempt to cross. Provide your exact location and number of people stranded.",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "Call emergency services (e.g., 911 in US) for rescue if trapped by floodwater. Do not attempt to cross. Provide your exact location and number of people stranded.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "切勿涉水穿越流动洪水。掉头，不要淹死。寻找替代路线或等待洪水退去。如果绝对必要，使用一根坚固的棍子探路，单独行动，面朝上游，并携带漂浮装置。",
    "如果被洪水困住，请拨打紧急服务电话（例如美国911）。不要尝试穿越。提供您的确切位置和被困人数。"
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.weather.gov/safety/flood-turn-around-dont-drown",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.88,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.82,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-06-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}