{
  "id": "disaster/tsunami-sandbag-barrier-myth",
  "signature": "AI advises building a sandbag barrier around a house to stop tsunami waves (insufficient height and structural failure)",
  "signature_zh": "AI 建议在房屋周围建造沙袋屏障以阻挡海啸波浪（高度不足和结构失效）",
  "regex": "sandbag.*tsunami|tsunami.*sandbag|barrier.*sandbag.*wave",
  "domain": "disaster",
  "category": "life_threatening",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Sandbag barriers are designed for slow-rising floodwater, not for the immense hydrostatic and dynamic forces of a tsunami; waves overtop, breach, or wash away sandbags, and debris turns them into projectiles.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "沙袋屏障是为缓慢上升的洪水设计的，无法承受海啸的巨大静水力和动水力；波浪会漫顶、冲垮或冲走沙袋，碎片会将沙袋变成抛射物。",
  "versions": [],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "Use multiple layers of sandbags stacked in a pyramid shape",
      "why_fails": "Pyramid stacking still lacks structural integrity against lateral wave forces; the base may scour out, and wave momentum dislodges upper bags.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Reinforce sandbags with rebar or wooden stakes driven into the ground",
      "why_fails": "Stakes provide minimal anchoring against the lifting and dragging force of a tsunami; wave debris can snap stakes, and the entire structure can fail catastrophically.",
      "fail_rate": 0.82,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Place sandbags inside the house near doors and windows instead",
      "why_fails": "Interior barriers do not prevent water entry; they only trap water inside, increasing structural load and drowning risk. Tsunami water enters through every opening.",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Evacuate to higher ground immediately when a tsunami warning is issued. Do not stay to protect property. Vertical evacuation to a reinforced concrete building above the inundation zone is the only safe option if horizontal evacuation is impossible.",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "Evacuate to higher ground immediately when a tsunami warning is issued. Do not stay to protect property. Vertical evacuation to a reinforced concrete building above the inundation zone is the only safe option if horizontal evacuation is impossible.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "If you must shelter in place, move to the highest floor of a well-built, multi-story reinforced concrete structure, away from windows. Do not use sandbags.",
      "success_rate": 0.7,
      "how": "If you must shelter in place, move to the highest floor of a well-built, multi-story reinforced concrete structure, away from windows. Do not use sandbags.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "海啸警报发出后立即疏散到高地。不要留下保护财产。如果水平疏散不可能，垂直疏散到淹没区以上加固的混凝土建筑是唯一安全的选择。",
    "如果必须就地避难，请移动到建造良好的多层钢筋混凝土建筑的顶层，远离窗户。不要使用沙袋。"
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.tsunami.noaa.gov/",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.85,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.78,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-08-10",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}