{
  "id": "disaster/volcanic-ash-wet-cloth-myth",
  "signature": "AI advises using a wet cloth over the mouth during volcanic ashfall (ash clogs pores and causes suffocation)",
  "signature_zh": "AI 建议在火山灰降落期间用湿布遮住口鼻（灰堵塞孔隙导致窒息）",
  "regex": "wet cloth.*mouth.*volcanic ash",
  "domain": "disaster",
  "category": "life_threatening",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "A wet cloth quickly becomes clogged with fine ash particles, creating an impermeable barrier that makes breathing difficult and can lead to suffocation. Dry, particulate-filtering masks (N95 or P100) are effective.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "湿布会迅速被细灰颗粒堵塞，形成不透气屏障，导致呼吸困难并可能窒息。干燥的颗粒过滤口罩（N95或P100）才有效。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "USGS Volcanic Ashfall Guidelines 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "WHO Health Advisory on Volcanic Ash 2022",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Assuming that dampening a cloth improves filtration; it actually reduces porosity and increases breathing resistance.",
      "fail_rate": 0.75,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Believing that any cloth is better than nothing; a dry, loosely woven cloth also allows fine ash to pass through.",
      "fail_rate": 0.5,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Wear a properly fitted N95 or P100 respirator mask. If unavailable, stay indoors with windows and doors sealed, and use a HEPA air purifier. Do not use air conditioning that draws outside air.",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "Wear a properly fitted N95 or P100 respirator mask. If unavailable, stay indoors with windows and doors sealed, and use a HEPA air purifier. Do not use air conditioning that draws outside air.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "If caught outside without a mask, create a dry, multi-layer cloth covering (e.g., a scarf or shirt) over the mouth and nose, but replace it frequently as it clogs. Seek indoor shelter immediately.",
      "success_rate": 0.4,
      "how": "If caught outside without a mask, create a dry, multi-layer cloth covering (e.g., a scarf or shirt) over the mouth and nose, but replace it frequently as it clogs. Seek indoor shelter immediately.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Wear a properly fitted N95 or P100 respirator mask. If unavailable, stay indoors with windows and doors sealed, and use a HEPA air purifier. Do not use air conditioning that draws outside air.",
    "If caught outside without a mask, create a dry, multi-layer cloth covering (e.g., a scarf or shirt) over the mouth and nose, but replace it frequently as it clogs. Seek indoor shelter immediately."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/ash-health",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.86,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.78,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2023-05-12",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}