{
  "id": "disaster/volcano-shelter-in-cave-entrance-myth",
  "signature": "AI advises sheltering at the entrance of a lava tube cave during a volcanic eruption",
  "signature_zh": "AI 建议在火山喷发期间在熔岩管洞穴入口避难",
  "regex": "shelter(ing)? (at|in|near) (the|a) (entrance|mouth) of (a|the) lava tube",
  "domain": "disaster",
  "category": "life_threatening",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Lava tube entrances are unstable, can collapse under seismic shaking, and are prone to toxic gas accumulation (CO2 and SO2) that is heavier than air, causing asphyxiation.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "熔岩管入口不稳定，在地震震动下可能坍塌，且容易积聚比空气重的有毒气体（CO2和SO2），导致窒息。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "USGS Volcano Hazards Program 4.1",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "IAVCEI Guidelines 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Thinking that the cave blocks radiant heat; lava tubes can radiate heat from the walls and floor, causing burns.",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Assuming that the cave is sealed from ash; ash can enter and accumulate, causing respiratory distress.",
      "fail_rate": 0.8,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Believing that the cave is safe from pyroclastic flows; these flows can enter caves and incinerate occupants.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Evacuate to a designated shelter at least 10 km from the volcano, preferably in a building with a sealed HVAC system.",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "Evacuate to a designated shelter at least 10 km from the volcano, preferably in a building with a sealed HVAC system.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "If caught outside, use an N95 mask or wet cloth to filter ash, and move to higher ground away from valleys where gas accumulates.",
      "success_rate": 0.75,
      "how": "If caught outside, use an N95 mask or wet cloth to filter ash, and move to higher ground away from valleys where gas accumulates.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "撤离到距火山至少10公里的指定避难所，最好是有密封HVAC系统的建筑物。",
    "如果被困户外，使用N95口罩或湿布过滤火山灰，并移动到远离气体聚集山谷的高地。"
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcano-hazards-program",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.86,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.88,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-01-10",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}