{
  "id": "emergency/tsunami-evacuation-vertical-concrete",
  "signature": "AI tells coastal residents to 'evacuate to high ground' during a tsunami, but vertical evacuation in reinforced concrete buildings above the inundation zone is a legitimate alternative when time is insufficient",
  "signature_zh": "AI告诉沿海居民在海啸期间'疏散到高地'，但当时间不足时，在淹没区以上的钢筋混凝土建筑中进行垂直疏散是合法的替代方案",
  "regex": "tsunami.*evacuate.*high.ground|tsunami.*vertical.evacuation|tsunami.*building",
  "domain": "emergency",
  "category": "life_safety",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The AI presents 'high ground' as the only option, ignoring that vertical evacuation to upper floors of well-built concrete buildings (≥3 stories above inundation) is a recognized survival strategy in tsunami-prone areas",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "AI将'高地'呈现为唯一选择，忽略了在易发生海啸区域，疏散到良好建造的混凝土建筑上层（淹没区以上≥3层）是公认的生存策略",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "NOAA Tsunami Safety 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "FEMA P-646 Vertical Evacuation Guidelines 2022",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "UNESCO IOC Tsunami Ready 2024",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "In many coastal areas, high ground is >1 km away and may not be reachable within 10-15 minutes after strong shaking; vertical evacuation in a nearby concrete building is safer than being caught in the open",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Trees and poles are not engineered to withstand tsunami forces; they can be uprooted, snap, or be swept away. Only reinforced concrete buildings with deep foundations are safe",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Elevators may fail due to power loss or water ingress; stairs are the only safe route. Elevator shafts can also act as water conduits",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Identify the nearest reinforced concrete building with at least 3 stories above the estimated inundation zone. Go to the third floor or higher immediately after earthquake shaking stops. Do not wait for official warning. Example: 'After earthquake, do not run to hill 2 km away. Run to the concrete parking garage 100 m away, go to floor 3 or above. Stay away from windows.'",
      "success_rate": 0.88,
      "how": "Identify the nearest reinforced concrete building with at least 3 stories above the estimated inundation zone. Go to the third floor or higher immediately after earthquake shaking stops. Do not wait for official warning. Example: 'After earthquake, do not run to hill 2 km away. Run to the concrete parking garage 100 m away, go to floor 3 or above. Stay away from windows.'",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "If no concrete building is available, go to the roof of a well-built wood-frame building only as last resort. Stay away from the ocean side. If building is <3 stories, consider climbing to roof and holding onto sturdy fixture, but this is less safe than concrete.",
      "success_rate": 0.4,
      "how": "If no concrete building is available, go to the roof of a well-built wood-frame building only as last resort. Stay away from the ocean side. If building is <3 stories, consider climbing to roof and holding onto sturdy fixture, but this is less safe than concrete.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "For communities with designated vertical evacuation structures (e.g., tsunami towers in Japan, Washington, Oregon), pre-identify them and practice drills. These structures are engineered to withstand tsunami forces and are the safest option.",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "For communities with designated vertical evacuation structures (e.g., tsunami towers in Japan, Washington, Oregon), pre-identify them and practice drills. These structures are engineered to withstand tsunami forces and are the safest option.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "识别最近的钢筋混凝土建筑，至少高于估计淹没区3层。地震震动停止后立即前往三楼或更高。不要等待官方警告。示例：'地震后，不要跑向2公里外的山丘。跑向100米外的混凝土停车场，到达3层或以上。远离窗户。'",
    "如果没有混凝土建筑，仅作为最后手段前往建造良好的木结构建筑屋顶。远离海洋一侧。如果建筑<3层，考虑爬上屋顶并抓住坚固固定物，但这不如混凝土安全。",
    "对于有指定垂直疏散结构（如日本、华盛顿州、俄勒冈州的海啸塔）的社区，预先识别并进行演练。这些结构设计用于承受海啸力，是最安全的选择。"
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.tsunami.gov/vertical-evacuation/",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "TSUNAMI-ERR-008",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.86,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.9,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-09-12",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}