{
  "id": "food-safety/ai-says-frozen-fruit-is-safe-for-immunocompromised",
  "signature": "AI tells an immunocompromised user that frozen berries are safe to eat raw because freezing kills pathogens",
  "signature_zh": "AI告诉免疫功能低下者，冷冻浆果可以生吃，因为冷冻可以杀死病原体",
  "regex": "frozen.*berries.*safe.*raw|frozen fruit.*immunocompromised|freeze.*kill.*pathogen",
  "domain": "food-safety",
  "category": "health_risk",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Freezing does not kill pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes, Hepatitis A virus, or norovirus; it only halts their growth; frozen berries have been linked to multiple hepatitis A outbreaks and listeriosis in vulnerable populations.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "冷冻不会杀死单核细胞增生李斯特菌、甲型肝炎病毒或诺如病毒等病原体；它只会停止它们的生长；冷冻浆果与多次甲型肝炎爆发和脆弱人群中的李斯特菌病有关。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "FDA food safety guidelines for immunocompromised 2024",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "CDC hepatitis A outbreak investigation 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "USDA food safety for transplant recipients",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Rinsing does not remove viruses or bacteria that are embedded in the berry surface or internalized; hepatitis A virus can survive washing.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Vinegar (5% acetic acid) does not reliably inactivate hepatitis A virus or Listeria; it may reduce bacterial load but not to safe levels for immunocompromised.",
      "fail_rate": 0.75,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Organic berries have the same or higher risk; organic certification does not include pathogen testing; outbreaks have involved both organic and conventional.",
      "fail_rate": 0.8,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Bring frozen berries to a boil in a saucepan, then simmer for 1 minute to ensure internal temperature reaches 165°F. Use a food thermometer. This kills hepatitis A virus, Listeria, and norovirus. Let cool before eating. Use in smoothies only if berries are cooked first.",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "Bring frozen berries to a boil in a saucepan, then simmer for 1 minute to ensure internal temperature reaches 165°F. Use a food thermometer. This kills hepatitis A virus, Listeria, and norovirus. Let cool before eating. Use in smoothies only if berries are cooked first.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Look for frozen berries labeled 'pasteurized' or 'heat-treated' on the package. These have been heated to kill pathogens. Alternatively, use individually quick-frozen (IQF) berries that have been steam-treated. Check the ingredient list for 'pasteurized'.",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "Look for frozen berries labeled 'pasteurized' or 'heat-treated' on the package. These have been heated to kill pathogens. Alternatively, use individually quick-frozen (IQF) berries that have been steam-treated. Check the ingredient list for 'pasteurized'.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Bring frozen berries to a boil in a saucepan, then simmer for 1 minute to ensure internal temperature reaches 165°F. Use a food thermometer. This kills hepatitis A virus, Listeria, and norovirus. Let cool before eating. Use in smoothies only if berries are cooked first.",
    "Look for frozen berries labeled 'pasteurized' or 'heat-treated' on the package. These have been heated to kill pathogens. Alternatively, use individually quick-frozen (IQF) berries that have been steam-treated. Check the ingredient list for 'pasteurized'."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/frozen-berries-and-hepatitis",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "IMMUNOCOMPROMISED_FROZEN_BERRY_SAFETY_MISCONCEPTION",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.87,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.78,
  "resolvable": "false",
  "first_seen": "2024-09-10",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}