{
  "id": "food-safety/ai-says-honey-is-safe-for-infants-after-pasteurization",
  "signature": "AI tells a parent that pasteurized honey is safe for infants under 12 months",
  "signature_zh": "AI告诉家长，巴氏杀菌蜂蜜对12个月以下的婴儿是安全的",
  "regex": "pasteurized honey.*infant|honey.*safe.*baby|infant.*honey.*pasteurized",
  "domain": "food-safety",
  "category": "life_threatening",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Pasteurization of honey does not reliably destroy Clostridium botulinum spores; only high-pressure processing or irradiation can eliminate them, and honey is rarely treated to that extent; infant botulism risk remains.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "蜂蜜的巴氏杀菌不能可靠地破坏肉毒杆菌孢子；只有高压处理或辐照才能消除它们，而蜂蜜很少经过这种处理；婴儿肉毒杆菌中毒风险仍然存在。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "AAP guidelines 2024",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "CDC infant botulism fact sheet 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "WHO infant feeding recommendations 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Raw honey has the same or higher spore load; no evidence that local honey is safer than commercial honey.",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Botulism spores survive 165°F; they require 250°F (121°C) under pressure for 3 minutes to be destroyed, which would caramelize honey.",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Baking temperatures (350°F) for 10 minutes may not reach spore-kill temperature in the center of the food; spores can survive.",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Do not give any form of honey (raw, pasteurized, organic, local, or commercial) to infants under 12 months of age. This includes honey in baked goods, cereals, or as a sweetener. Use corn syrup or maple syrup as alternatives if needed.",
      "success_rate": 0.99,
      "how": "Do not give any form of honey (raw, pasteurized, organic, local, or commercial) to infants under 12 months of age. This includes honey in baked goods, cereals, or as a sweetener. Use corn syrup or maple syrup as alternatives if needed.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "If an infant under 12 months has consumed honey, monitor for signs of infant botulism: constipation, weak cry, poor feeding, drooping eyelids, or muscle weakness. Contact a pediatrician immediately if any symptoms appear. Do not induce vomiting.",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "If an infant under 12 months has consumed honey, monitor for signs of infant botulism: constipation, weak cry, poor feeding, drooping eyelids, or muscle weakness. Contact a pediatrician immediately if any symptoms appear. Do not induce vomiting.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Do not give any form of honey (raw, pasteurized, organic, local, or commercial) to infants under 12 months of age. This includes honey in baked goods, cereals, or as a sweetener. Use corn syrup or maple syrup as alternatives if needed.",
    "If an infant under 12 months has consumed honey, monitor for signs of infant botulism: constipation, weak cry, poor feeding, drooping eyelids, or muscle weakness. Contact a pediatrician immediately if any symptoms appear. Do not induce vomiting."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/infant-botulism.html",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "INFANT_BOTULISM_HONEY_PASTEURIZATION_MISCONCEPTION",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.88,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "false",
  "first_seen": "2024-06-20",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}