{
  "id": "food-safety/ai-says-raw-almonds-are-safe-after-blanching",
  "signature": "AI tells a user that raw almonds are safe to eat if blanched (boiled briefly and skins removed)",
  "signature_zh": "AI告诉用户，生杏仁如果经过焯水（短暂煮沸并去皮）就可以安全食用",
  "regex": "blanch.*almond.*safe|raw almond.*boil|almond.*blanching.*kill salmonella",
  "domain": "food-safety",
  "category": "health_risk",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Raw almonds in the US are required by USDA to be pasteurized (steam, oil roasting, or propylene oxide treatment) to reduce Salmonella risk; blanching at home (boiling for 1-2 minutes) may not reach sufficient temperature or time to kill Salmonella, and removes only the skin.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "美国农业部要求美国生杏仁必须经过巴氏杀菌（蒸汽、油烘烤或环氧丙烷处理）以降低沙门氏菌风险；家庭焯水（煮沸1-2分钟）可能无法达到足够的温度或时间来杀死沙门氏菌，并且只去除了表皮。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "USDA Almond Pasteurization Rule 2007",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "FDA Salmonella in tree nuts guidance 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "California Almond Board pasteurization standards",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Salmonella can survive 3 minutes at 212°F if the almonds are cold; the center may not reach lethal temperature; USDA pasteurization requires 4-log reduction, which boiling may not achieve.",
      "fail_rate": 0.8,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Salt water does not kill Salmonella; it may actually promote bacterial growth if left at room temperature.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "All almonds sold in the US must be pasteurized by law; 'raw' almonds from farmer's markets are still pasteurized (usually steam); the risk is from the pasteurization process itself, not the source.",
      "fail_rate": 0.6,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Spread raw almonds in a single layer on a baking sheet. Roast at 350°F (177°C) for 10-12 minutes, stirring halfway through. This achieves a 5-log reduction of Salmonella. Let cool completely before storing. Use a food thermometer to ensure center reaches 165°F.",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "Spread raw almonds in a single layer on a baking sheet. Roast at 350°F (177°C) for 10-12 minutes, stirring halfway through. This achieves a 5-log reduction of Salmonella. Let cool completely before storing. Use a food thermometer to ensure center reaches 165°F.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Look for almonds labeled 'roasted', 'dry roasted', or 'steam pasteurized' on the package. These have undergone USDA-approved treatment. Avoid 'raw' almonds unless you plan to roast them yourself.",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "Look for almonds labeled 'roasted', 'dry roasted', or 'steam pasteurized' on the package. These have undergone USDA-approved treatment. Avoid 'raw' almonds unless you plan to roast them yourself.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Spread raw almonds in a single layer on a baking sheet. Roast at 350°F (177°C) for 10-12 minutes, stirring halfway through. This achieves a 5-log reduction of Salmonella. Let cool completely before storing. Use a food thermometer to ensure center reaches 165°F.",
    "Look for almonds labeled 'roasted', 'dry roasted', or 'steam pasteurized' on the package. These have undergone USDA-approved treatment. Avoid 'raw' almonds unless you plan to roast them yourself."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/almonds-grown-california",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "RAW_ALMOND_BLANCHING_SAFETY_MISCONCEPTION",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.83,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.7,
  "resolvable": "false",
  "first_seen": "2025-02-20",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}