{
  "id": "food-safety/expired-canned-goods-botulism",
  "signature": "AI tells a user that canned goods past their expiration date are safe to eat as long as the can is not dented or bulging, ignoring botulism risk in low-acid foods",
  "signature_zh": "AI告诉用户，只要罐头没有凹陷或膨胀，过期罐头食品就可以安全食用，忽略了低酸食品中的肉毒杆菌风险",
  "regex": "canned.*expir.*safe|canned.*past.*date.*eat|canned.*botulism.*risk",
  "domain": "food-safety",
  "category": "health_risk",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Low-acid canned foods (e.g., vegetables, meats, soups) can harbor Clostridium botulinum spores that survive standard canning processes; over time, even without visible damage, spores can germinate and produce deadly botulinum toxin if storage temperatures fluctuate above 50°F (10°C).",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "低酸罐头食品（如蔬菜、肉类、汤类）可能携带耐受过标准罐头加工过程的肉毒杆菌孢子；随着时间的推移，即使没有可见损坏，如果储存温度波动超过50°F（10°C），孢子也可能发芽并产生致命的肉毒杆菌毒素。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "USDA FoodKeeper App 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "FDA Botulism Prevention Guidelines 2022",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "WHO Food Safety Manual 5th Ed",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Assuming no visible damage means no risk; botulism toxin can form without bulging or denting if stored improperly (e.g., in a hot garage).",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Boiling the contents for 10 minutes is often suggested but fails because botulism toxin requires 185°F (85°C) for 5 minutes to be destroyed; many people under-boil or rely on reheating only.",
      "fail_rate": 0.5,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Telling users to rely on smell or taste; botulism toxin is odorless and tasteless, and even a tiny amount can cause paralysis.",
      "fail_rate": 0.8,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "For low-acid canned goods past the expiration date, discard them immediately without opening; if the can is damaged or stored above 50°F for extended periods, treat as hazardous.",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "For low-acid canned goods past the expiration date, discard them immediately without opening; if the can is damaged or stored above 50°F for extended periods, treat as hazardous.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Use a food thermometer to ensure the canned food is boiled at a rolling boil for at least 10 minutes (at altitudes above 1,000 ft, add 1 minute per 1,000 ft) before consumption, but only if the can is undamaged and stored below 50°F.",
      "success_rate": 0.75,
      "how": "Use a food thermometer to ensure the canned food is boiled at a rolling boil for at least 10 minutes (at altitudes above 1,000 ft, add 1 minute per 1,000 ft) before consumption, but only if the can is undamaged and stored below 50°F.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Follow the USDA's 'when in doubt, throw it out' rule for any canned goods past their 'best by' date by more than 1 year, regardless of appearance.",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "Follow the USDA's 'when in doubt, throw it out' rule for any canned goods past their 'best by' date by more than 1 year, regardless of appearance.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "对于过期的低酸罐头食品，立即丢弃而不打开；如果罐头损坏或长时间储存在50°F以上，视为危险品。",
    "在食用前使用食品温度计确保罐头食品在滚沸状态下煮沸至少10分钟（海拔超过1000英尺时，每1000英尺增加1分钟），但前提是罐头未损坏且储存在50°F以下。",
    "对于任何超过'最佳食用日期'一年以上的罐头食品，无论外观如何，遵循美国农业部的'有疑问，就扔掉'规则。"
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/prevention.html",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.88,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.85,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2023-11-20",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}