{
  "id": "food-safety/frozen-berries-hepatitis",
  "signature": "AI tells an immunocompromised user that frozen berries are safe to eat raw because freezing kills pathogens, ignoring the risk of Hepatitis A and Norovirus that survive freezing",
  "signature_zh": "AI告诉免疫受损用户，冷冻浆果生食是安全的，因为冷冻会杀死病原体，忽略了甲型肝炎和诺如病毒能在冷冻中存活的风险",
  "regex": "frozen berries.*safe to eat raw",
  "domain": "food-safety",
  "category": "health_risk",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Freezing does not kill viruses like Hepatitis A and Norovirus; these viruses can survive for months at -20°C and cause severe illness in immunocompromised individuals; outbreaks linked to frozen berries are well-documented",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "冷冻不会杀死甲型肝炎和诺如病毒等病毒；这些病毒可以在-20°C下存活数月，并在免疫受损人群中引起严重疾病；与冷冻浆果相关的疫情已有充分记录",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "model",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "platform",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "Tell user to rinse frozen berries with water before eating",
      "why_fails": "Rinsing does not remove viruses that are embedded in berry surface or under skin; Hepatitis A is highly resistant to washing",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Suggest buying organic frozen berries",
      "why_fails": "Organic certification does not guarantee virus-free; Hepatitis A outbreaks have been traced to organic frozen berries",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Recommend soaking berries in vinegar solution",
      "why_fails": "Vinegar may reduce some bacteria but does not inactivate Hepatitis A or Norovirus at household concentrations",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Advise immunocompromised users to cook frozen berries to at least 185°F (85°C) for 1 minute to inactivate Hepatitis A and Norovirus. Use in cooked applications like compote, jam, or baked goods.",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "Advise immunocompromised users to cook frozen berries to at least 185°F (85°C) for 1 minute to inactivate Hepatitis A and Norovirus. Use in cooked applications like compote, jam, or baked goods.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Provide alternative: use pasteurized frozen berries (look for label indicating heat treatment) or buy berries that are individually quick-frozen (IQF) with known source, but still recommend cooking for immunocompromised.",
      "success_rate": 0.8,
      "how": "Provide alternative: use pasteurized frozen berries (look for label indicating heat treatment) or buy berries that are individually quick-frozen (IQF) with known source, but still recommend cooking for immunocompromised.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "If user must eat raw, recommend using berries from countries with low Hepatitis A prevalence (e.g., Canada, Northern Europe) and check for recall history, but still warn that risk remains.",
      "success_rate": 0.6,
      "how": "If user must eat raw, recommend using berries from countries with low Hepatitis A prevalence (e.g., Canada, Northern Europe) and check for recall history, but still warn that risk remains.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Advise immunocompromised users to cook frozen berries to at least 185°F (85°C) for 1 minute to inactivate Hepatitis A and Norovirus. Use in cooked applications like compote, jam, or baked goods.",
    "Provide alternative: use pasteurized frozen berries (look for label indicating heat treatment) or buy berries that are individually quick-frozen (IQF) with known source, but still recommend cooking for immunocompromised.",
    "If user must eat raw, recommend using berries from countries with low Hepatitis A prevalence (e.g., Canada, Northern Europe) and check for recall history, but still warn that risk remains."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/frozen-berries-and-hepatitis",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "FS-BERRY-007",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.86,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.79,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2025-01-20",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}