{
  "id": "food-safety/frozen-fish-scombroid",
  "signature": "AI tells a user that frozen tuna is safe to eat raw because freezing kills parasites, ignoring scombroid poisoning risk",
  "signature_zh": "AI告诉用户，冷冻金枪鱼可以生吃，因为冷冻能杀死寄生虫，忽略了鲭鱼中毒风险",
  "regex": "frozen tuna.*safe to eat raw.*freezing kills",
  "domain": "food-safety",
  "category": "health_risk",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Scombroid poisoning is caused by histamine produced by bacteria in tuna, mackerel, and mahi-mahi when fish is improperly stored above 40°F (4°C) before freezing; freezing does not destroy histamine, which is heat-stable and not removed by cooking.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "鲭鱼中毒是由金枪鱼、鲭鱼和鲯鳅中的细菌在冷冻前储存温度高于40°F（4°C）时产生的组胺引起的；冷冻不会破坏组胺，组胺耐热，烹饪也无法去除。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "FDA Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guide 2022",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "NOAA Seafood Inspection Program 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "Tell user to smell the fish; if it smells fine, it's safe",
      "why_fails": "Histamine does not have a distinct odor; fish can smell fresh but still contain dangerous levels of histamine.",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Suggest the fish be cooked to 145°F to destroy histamine",
      "why_fails": "Histamine is heat-stable and remains toxic even after cooking to 145°F; cooking only kills bacteria, not the toxin.",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Recommend buying 'sushi-grade' frozen fish",
      "why_fails": "'Sushi-grade' is a marketing term; it only indicates that the fish was frozen to kill parasites, but does not guarantee proper temperature control to prevent histamine formation.",
      "fail_rate": 0.75,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Advise user to only consume raw tuna from suppliers that provide a cold chain log showing the fish was kept below 40°F from catch to freezing. Provide a Python script to parse a temperature log: `if max_temp > 40: print('Risk of scombroid')`.",
      "success_rate": 0.8,
      "how": "Advise user to only consume raw tuna from suppliers that provide a cold chain log showing the fish was kept below 40°F from catch to freezing. Provide a Python script to parse a temperature log: `if max_temp > 40: print('Risk of scombroid')`.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "If user must eat raw tuna, recommend flash-frozen at sea within 2 hours of catch, and check for a certificate of histamine testing (<50 ppm). Offer a URL to NOAA's fish storage guidelines.",
      "success_rate": 0.7,
      "how": "If user must eat raw tuna, recommend flash-frozen at sea within 2 hours of catch, and check for a certificate of histamine testing (<50 ppm). Offer a URL to NOAA's fish storage guidelines.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Advise user to only consume raw tuna from suppliers that provide a cold chain log showing the fish was kept below 40°F from catch to freezing. Provide a Python script to parse a temperature log: `if max_temp > 40: print('Risk of scombroid')`.",
    "If user must eat raw tuna, recommend flash-frozen at sea within 2 hours of catch, and check for a certificate of histamine testing (<50 ppm). Offer a URL to NOAA's fish storage guidelines."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/scombroid-poisoning",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "FS-FISH-SCOMBROID-021",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.89,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-06-20",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}