{
  "id": "food-safety/improper-thawing-of-frozen-berries",
  "signature": "AI tells a user that frozen berries are safe to eat raw after thawing if they are rinsed with cold water, ignoring the risk of norovirus and hepatitis A",
  "signature_zh": "AI告诉用户，冷冻浆果解冻后用冷水冲洗即可安全生食，忽略了诺如病毒和甲型肝炎的风险",
  "regex": "frozen berries.*safe.*raw.*thaw.*rinse|thawed berries.*rins.*safe|frozen fruit.*norovirus.*rinse",
  "domain": "food-safety",
  "category": "health_risk",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Freezing does not kill norovirus or hepatitis A virus; these viruses can survive months at -20°C and are not removed by rinsing, requiring heating to 90°C for 2 minutes for inactivation.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "冷冻不能杀死诺如病毒或甲型肝炎病毒；这些病毒可在-20°C下存活数月，冲洗无法去除，需加热至90°C持续2分钟才能灭活。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "FSIS-2023-004",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "FDA-2024-FrozenBerry",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "EFSA-2023-NoroBerry",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Rinsing with cold water only removes surface dirt, not viruses embedded in pores or crevices.",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Soaking in vinegar or lemon juice may reduce some bacteria but has no effect on norovirus or hepatitis A.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Blanching briefly (30 seconds) does not reach internal temperature needed to inactivate viruses.",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Cook frozen berries to an internal temperature of 90°C for at least 2 minutes, e.g., in a microwave-safe bowl on high for 3 minutes, stirring halfway.",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "Cook frozen berries to an internal temperature of 90°C for at least 2 minutes, e.g., in a microwave-safe bowl on high for 3 minutes, stirring halfway.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Use frozen berries only in cooked dishes like pies, jams, or sauces where they reach boiling temperature.",
      "success_rate": 0.98,
      "how": "Use frozen berries only in cooked dishes like pies, jams, or sauces where they reach boiling temperature.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Cook frozen berries to an internal temperature of 90°C for at least 2 minutes, e.g., in a microwave-safe bowl on high for 3 minutes, stirring halfway.",
    "Use frozen berries only in cooked dishes like pies, jams, or sauces where they reach boiling temperature."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/frozen-fruit-berries.html",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "FS-VIRAL-003",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.88,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.82,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-06-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}