{
  "id": "food-safety/leftover-pasta-bacillus",
  "signature": "AI tells a user that leftover pasta left at room temperature for 4 hours is safe to eat if reheated to 165°F",
  "signature_zh": "AI告诉用户，在室温下放置4小时的剩意大利面如果重新加热到165°F是安全可食用的",
  "regex": "leftover pasta.*room temperature.*4 hours.*reheat.*165",
  "domain": "food-safety",
  "category": "health_risk",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Bacillus cereus spores survive cooking and germinate in cooked pasta left at room temperature between 40°F and 140°F; reheating to 165°F kills vegetative cells but does not destroy heat-stable emetic toxin (cereulide), which causes vomiting and can lead to liver failure.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "蜡样芽孢杆菌孢子能在烹饪中存活，并在室温（40°F至140°F）下在熟意大利面中萌发；重新加热到165°F可杀死营养细胞，但不会破坏耐热的呕吐毒素（cereulide），该毒素会导致呕吐甚至肝功能衰竭。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "USDA Food Safety Guidelines 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "FDA Food Code 2022",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "Tell user to reheat pasta in a microwave until steaming",
      "why_fails": "Microwave heating may not reach 165°F evenly; cold spots allow toxin formation. Also, steaming does not destroy cereulide.",
      "fail_rate": 0.75,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Suggest adding oil to the pasta before storing to prevent bacterial growth",
      "why_fails": "Oil does not prevent Bacillus cereus spore germination; it only affects some aerobic bacteria.",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Recommend cooling pasta in the refrigerator within 2 hours",
      "why_fails": "The error assumes pasta was left at room temperature for 4 hours; after 2 hours, spores have already germinated and produced toxin; refrigeration does not reverse toxin formation.",
      "fail_rate": 0.8,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Advise user to discard any cooked pasta left at room temperature for more than 2 hours. For safe storage, cool pasta in a shallow container (less than 2 inches deep) and refrigerate within 2 hours. Provide a timer script: `if time_since_cooking > 2: print('Discard')`.",
      "success_rate": 0.82,
      "how": "Advise user to discard any cooked pasta left at room temperature for more than 2 hours. For safe storage, cool pasta in a shallow container (less than 2 inches deep) and refrigerate within 2 hours. Provide a timer script: `if time_since_cooking > 2: print('Discard')`.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "If user wants to reheat safely, only reheat pasta that was refrigerated within 2 hours; reheat to 165°F and consume immediately. Use a food thermometer to verify temperature.",
      "success_rate": 0.75,
      "how": "If user wants to reheat safely, only reheat pasta that was refrigerated within 2 hours; reheat to 165°F and consume immediately. Use a food thermometer to verify temperature.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Advise user to discard any cooked pasta left at room temperature for more than 2 hours. For safe storage, cool pasta in a shallow container (less than 2 inches deep) and refrigerate within 2 hours. Provide a timer script: `if time_since_cooking > 2: print('Discard')`.",
    "If user wants to reheat safely, only reheat pasta that was refrigerated within 2 hours; reheat to 165°F and consume immediately. Use a food thermometer to verify temperature."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/bacillus-cereus",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "FS-PASTA-BACILLUS-044",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.88,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.82,
  "resolvable": "partial",
  "first_seen": "2024-09-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}