{
  "id": "food-safety/raw-milk-brucellosis",
  "signature": "AI tells a user that raw (unpasteurized) milk is safe to drink if it comes from a local farm with clean practices, ignoring brucellosis risk",
  "signature_zh": "AI 告诉用户，如果生奶来自当地农场且卫生条件良好，那么饮用生奶是安全的，忽略了布鲁氏菌病风险",
  "regex": "raw.*milk.*safe.*local.*farm.*clean|brucellosis.*raw.*milk",
  "domain": "food-safety",
  "category": "health_risk",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis persist in raw milk from infected cattle or goats even in clean farms, causing undulant fever, arthritis, and potential long-term disability; pasteurization (161°F for 15 seconds) is the only reliable inactivation method.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "布鲁氏菌（流产布鲁氏菌和羊布鲁氏菌）即使在卫生良好的农场，也会存在于受感染牛或羊的生奶中，引起波状热、关节炎和潜在的长期残疾；巴氏杀菌（161°F 持续 15 秒）是唯一可靠的灭活方法。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "USDA FSIS 9 CFR 325",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "FDA PMO 2021",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "CDC Brucellosis Guidelines 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Boiling may not reach consistent temperature throughout; uneven heating can leave Brucella viable. Also destroys beneficial enzymes and vitamins, misleadingly implying safety.",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Brucella does not significantly alter milk pH; absence of sour smell or curdling does not indicate pathogen absence.",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Testing may miss early infections or intermittent shedding; even vaccinated cows can shed bacteria. No home test can guarantee safety.",
      "fail_rate": 0.6,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Use only pasteurized milk from a licensed dairy; verify pasteurization label (e.g., 'Grade A Pasteurized'). For raw milk, heat to 161°F (72°C) for 15 seconds using a sous-vide circulator with verified thermometer.",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "Use only pasteurized milk from a licensed dairy; verify pasteurization label (e.g., 'Grade A Pasteurized'). For raw milk, heat to 161°F (72°C) for 15 seconds using a sous-vide circulator with verified thermometer.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Substitute with ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk, which is shelf-stable and eliminates all pathogens including Brucella.",
      "success_rate": 0.98,
      "how": "Substitute with ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk, which is shelf-stable and eliminates all pathogens including Brucella.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Use only pasteurized milk from a licensed dairy; verify pasteurization label (e.g., 'Grade A Pasteurized'). For raw milk, heat to 161°F (72°C) for 15 seconds using a sous-vide circulator with verified thermometer.",
    "Substitute with ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk, which is shelf-stable and eliminates all pathogens including Brucella."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/prevention/index.html",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "BRUCELLOSIS-RAW-MILK-001",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.88,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.85,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-03-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}