# 致命错误：所有协程都处于睡眠状态 - 死锁！（nil通道）

- **ID:** `go/goroutine-nil-channel-block`
- **领域:** go
- **类别:** runtime_error
- **验证级别:** ai_generated
- **修复率:** 80%

## 根因

向nil通道发送或从nil通道接收会永远阻塞，如果所有协程都卡住会导致死锁。

## 版本兼容性

| 版本 | 状态 | 引入 | 弃用 |
|------|------|------|------|
| 1.0 | active | — | — |
| 1.20 | active | — | — |

## 解决方案

1. **Initialize channel before use** (99% 成功率)
   ```
   var ch chan int
ch = make(chan int)
ch <- 42 // safe
   ```
2. **Use select with default to avoid blocking on nil channel** (85% 成功率)
   ```
   select {
case ch <- val:
default:
    // handle nil or full channel
}
   ```

## 无效尝试

- **Checking channel with if ch != nil before operation** — Nil check is correct but often omitted due to oversight; still a logic error. (50% 失败率)
- **Using recover() to handle panic from nil channel** — Nil channel doesn't panic; it blocks forever, so recover is useless. (100% 失败率)