{
  "id": "go/grpc-missing-client-certificate",
  "signature": "rpc error: code = Unavailable desc = connection error: desc = \"transport: authentication handshake failed: tls: client didn't provide a certificate\"",
  "signature_zh": "rpc 错误：代码 = Unavailable 描述 = 连接错误：描述 = \"传输层：认证握手失败：tls：客户端未提供证书\"",
  "regex": "rpc\\ error:\\ code\\ =\\ Unavailable\\ desc\\ =\\ connection\\ error:\\ desc\\ =\\ \"transport:\\ authentication\\ handshake\\ failed:\\ tls:\\ client\\ didn't\\ provide\\ a\\ certificate\"",
  "domain": "go",
  "category": "auth_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The gRPC server requires mutual TLS (mTLS) but the client did not present a client certificate during the TLS handshake.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "gRPC 服务器要求双向 TLS（mTLS），但客户端在 TLS 握手期间未提供客户端证书。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "1.x",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "This weakens security and may not be possible in production environments.",
      "fail_rate": 0.6,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Clients typically need a separate client certificate signed by a CA; using the server cert will still fail.",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "cert, _ := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(\"client.crt\", \"client.key\"); creds := credentials.NewTLS(&tls.Config{Certificates: []tls.Certificate{cert}}); conn, _ := grpc.Dial(address, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(creds))",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "Use a proper CA-signed client certificate and configure the server's CA pool.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.88,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-02-10",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}