{
  "id": "go/grpc-tls-certificate-error",
  "signature": "rpc error: code = Unavailable desc = connection error: desc = \"transport: authentication handshake failed: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority\"",
  "signature_zh": "rpc 错误：代码 = 不可用，描述 = 连接错误：描述 = \"传输：认证握手失败：x509：由未知机构签名的证书\"",
  "regex": "rpc\\ error:\\ code\\ =\\ Unavailable\\ desc\\ =\\ connection\\ error:\\ desc\\ =\\ \"transport:\\ authentication\\ handshake\\ failed:\\ x509:\\ certificate\\ signed\\ by\\ unknown\\ authority\"",
  "domain": "go",
  "category": "auth_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The client cannot verify the server's TLS certificate because the CA is not trusted.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "客户端无法验证服务器的 TLS 证书，因为 CA 不受信任。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "1.60.0",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "",
      "fail_rate": 0.8,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "Add the server's CA certificate to the client's trust pool using credentials.NewClientTLSFromFile.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "Use the system root CA pool by ensuring the server uses a publicly trusted certificate.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.87,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-02-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}