{
  "id": "go/net-http-https-certificate-unknown-authority",
  "signature": "error: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority",
  "signature_zh": "错误：x509：证书由未知权威机构签名",
  "regex": "error:\\ x509:\\ certificate\\ signed\\ by\\ unknown\\ authority",
  "domain": "go",
  "category": "auth_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The server's TLS certificate is not signed by a trusted Certificate Authority, often due to self-signed certificates.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "服务器的TLS证书不是由受信任的证书颁发机构签名的，通常由于自签名证书。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "1.20",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.21",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "Setting InsecureSkipVerify to true globally",
      "why_fails": "Security risk; use custom root CA instead.",
      "fail_rate": 0.2,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Add custom CA certificate to transport",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "caCert, _ := os.ReadFile(\"ca.crt\")\ncaCertPool := x509.NewCertPool()\ncaCertPool.AppendCertsFromPEM(caCert)\ntransport := &http.Transport{TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{RootCAs: caCertPool}}",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.87,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2026-09-01",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}