{
  "id": "grpc/client-connection-refused",
  "signature": "UNAVAILABLE: grpc: connection refused to backend service at 10.0.0.1:8080",
  "signature_zh": "不可用：gRPC：连接被后端服务拒绝，地址 10.0.0.1:8080",
  "regex": "UNAVAILABLE: grpc: connection refused to backend service at \\S+",
  "domain": "grpc",
  "category": "network_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The gRPC client's attempt to connect to the backend service was refused because the service is not listening on the specified port or the port is blocked by a firewall.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "gRPC 客户端尝试连接到后端服务的请求被拒绝，因为服务未在指定端口上监听或端口被防火墙阻止。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "gRPC v1.48.0",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "gRPC v1.54.0",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "gRPC v1.60.0",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "Envoy 1.26.0",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Restarting the client application without checking the backend service status does not resolve the connection refusal.",
      "fail_rate": 0.6,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Increasing gRPC retry intervals in the client config may delay the error but does not fix the underlying service unavailability.",
      "fail_rate": 0.5,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Clearing the local DNS cache does not help because the error indicates a TCP connection refusal, not a resolution failure.",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Verify that the backend service is running and listening on the expected port: `netstat -tulpn | grep 8080` on the server.",
      "success_rate": 0.8,
      "how": "Verify that the backend service is running and listening on the expected port: `netstat -tulpn | grep 8080` on the server.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Check firewall rules to ensure the port is open: `sudo ufw status` or `iptables -L -n` and add a rule if needed: `sudo ufw allow 8080/tcp`.",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "Check firewall rules to ensure the port is open: `sudo ufw status` or `iptables -L -n` and add a rule if needed: `sudo ufw allow 8080/tcp`.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Update the client's target URI to use a correct host or port if misconfigured, e.g., change from '10.0.0.1:8080' to '10.0.0.1:9090'.",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "Update the client's target URI to use a correct host or port if misconfigured, e.g., change from '10.0.0.1:8080' to '10.0.0.1:9090'.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "验证后端服务是否正在运行并在预期端口上监听：在服务器上运行 `netstat -tulpn | grep 8080`。",
    "检查防火墙规则以确保端口已开放：运行 `sudo ufw status` 或 `iptables -L -n`，如有需要添加规则：`sudo ufw allow 8080/tcp`。",
    "更新客户端的目标 URI 以使用正确的主机或端口（如果配置错误），例如将 '10.0.0.1:8080' 更改为 '10.0.0.1:9090'。"
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://grpc.io/docs/guides/error/",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.85,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.85,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-01-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}