{
  "id": "medical/iv-line-air-embolism",
  "signature": "AI tells a nurse to 'just let the air bubble pass' when an IV line has visible air, ignoring air embolism risk",
  "signature_zh": "AI告诉护士当静脉输液管中有可见气泡时‘让气泡通过’，忽略空气栓塞风险",
  "regex": "(air\\s*bubble|bubbles|air\\s*in\\s*line)\\s*(pass|let\\s*go|ignore|safe|okay)",
  "domain": "medical",
  "category": "system_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Air bubbles > 0.5 mL in IV lines can cause venous air embolism, leading to pulmonary obstruction, cardiac arrest, or stroke if air enters arterial circulation via patent foramen ovale.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "静脉输液管中大于0.5毫升的气泡可导致静脉空气栓塞，引起肺阻塞、心脏骤停，或通过卵圆孔未闭进入动脉循环导致中风。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "iv_pump_firmware_7.4",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "infusion_set_standard_2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "central_line_kit_v2",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Nurse believes small bubbles dissolve in blood harmlessly; but rapid infusion or central lines make even small bubbles dangerous",
      "fail_rate": 0.8,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Nurse thinks tapping the drip chamber will clear all air without disconnecting",
      "fail_rate": 0.6,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "If air is in IV tubing: clamp line immediately, disconnect from patient, prime new tubing using aseptic technique, and reconnect. For central lines: place patient in Trendelenburg position (head down) to trap air in right atrium.",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "If air is in IV tubing: clamp line immediately, disconnect from patient, prime new tubing using aseptic technique, and reconnect. For central lines: place patient in Trendelenburg position (head down) to trap air in right atrium.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Use in-line air detectors on infusion pumps: set alarm threshold to 0.1 mL. Example pump setting: `Air Detector: ON, Threshold: 0.1 mL, Action: STOP infusion`",
      "success_rate": 0.92,
      "how": "Use in-line air detectors on infusion pumps: set alarm threshold to 0.1 mL. Example pump setting: `Air Detector: ON, Threshold: 0.1 mL, Action: STOP infusion`",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "If air is in IV tubing: clamp line immediately, disconnect from patient, prime new tubing using aseptic technique, and reconnect. For central lines: place patient in Trendelenburg position (head down) to trap air in right atrium.",
    "Use in-line air detectors on infusion pumps: set alarm threshold to 0.1 mL. Example pump setting: `Air Detector: ON, Threshold: 0.1 mL, Action: STOP infusion`"
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.uptodate.com/contents/air-embolism",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "IV_AIR_EMBOLISM",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.85,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.94,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-06-01",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}