{
  "id": "policy/cloudflare-ssl-tls-mismatch",
  "signature": "Error 525: SSL handshake failed",
  "signature_zh": "错误525：SSL握手失败",
  "regex": "Error 525: SSL handshake failed",
  "domain": "policy",
  "category": "network_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Cloudflare's SSL/TLS setting (e.g., Full or Full (strict)) requires a valid certificate on the origin server; mismatched or self-signed certificates cause handshake failure.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "Cloudflare的SSL/TLS设置（例如完全或完全（严格））要求源服务器上有有效的证书；不匹配或自签名证书会导致握手失败。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "Cloudflare (2024-02)",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "Nginx 1.24",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "This exposes traffic to man-in-the-middle attacks and may break HTTPS-only features.",
      "fail_rate": 0.8,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "The issue may be an incomplete chain or unsupported cipher, not expiration.",
      "fail_rate": 0.6,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "This bypasses the error but leaves traffic unencrypted between Cloudflare and origin.",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Install a valid SSL certificate on the origin server (e.g., using Let's Encrypt: `sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com`) and set Cloudflare SSL/TLS to 'Full (strict)'.",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "Install a valid SSL certificate on the origin server (e.g., using Let's Encrypt: `sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com`) and set Cloudflare SSL/TLS to 'Full (strict)'.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Temporarily set Cloudflare SSL/TLS to 'Flexible' to bypass the handshake, then fix the origin certificate.",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "Temporarily set Cloudflare SSL/TLS to 'Flexible' to bypass the handshake, then fix the origin certificate.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Install a valid SSL certificate on the origin server (e.g., using Let's Encrypt: `sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com`) and set Cloudflare SSL/TLS to 'Full (strict)'.",
    "Temporarily set Cloudflare SSL/TLS to 'Flexible' to bypass the handshake, then fix the origin certificate."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/support/troubleshooting/cloudflare-errors/troubleshooting-cloudflare-5xx-errors/#error-525-ssl-handshake-failed",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "525",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.84,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.9,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-01-05",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}