{
  "id": "python/aiohttp-client-connector-ssl-error",
  "signature": "aiohttp.client_exceptions.ClientConnectorSSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed",
  "signature_zh": "aiohttp 客户端连接器 SSL 错误：证书验证失败",
  "regex": "aiohttp\\.client_exceptions\\.ClientConnectorSSLError:\\ \\[SSL:\\ CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED\\]\\ certificate\\ verify\\ failed",
  "domain": "python",
  "category": "network_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The SSL certificate of the remote server is invalid, expired, or not trusted by the system's CA bundle.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "远程服务器的 SSL 证书无效、已过期或不受系统 CA 包信任。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "3.9",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "3.10",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "Disabling SSL verification entirely with ssl=False",
      "why_fails": "This bypasses security and may lead to man-in-the-middle attacks; also not recommended for production.",
      "fail_rate": 0.3,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Using a custom SSL context without proper certificates",
      "why_fails": "If the custom context is not configured correctly, the error persists.",
      "fail_rate": 0.6,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Update system CA certificates",
      "success_rate": 0.8,
      "how": "pip install certifi\n# or update OS CA bundle",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Provide a custom SSL context with trusted certificates",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "import ssl\nssl_context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile='/path/to/cert.pem')\nasync with aiohttp.ClientSession(connector=aiohttp.TCPConnector(ssl=ssl_context)) as session:",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.84,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-07-05",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}