{
  "id": "python/aiohttp-client-connector-ssl",
  "signature": "aiohttp.client_exceptions.ClientConnectorCertificateError: <url>",
  "signature_zh": "aiohttp 客户端异常：连接证书错误",
  "regex": "aiohttp\\.client_exceptions\\.ClientConnectorCertificateError:\\ <url>",
  "domain": "python",
  "category": "network_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "SSL certificate verification failed for the target server, often due to self-signed certificates or expired CA chains.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "目标服务器的 SSL 证书验证失败，通常是由于自签名证书或过期的 CA 链。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "3.8",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "3.9",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "3.10",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "3.11",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "3.12",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "Disabling SSL verification entirely with connector=False",
      "why_fails": "This reduces security and may cause warnings; not recommended for production.",
      "fail_rate": 0.4,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Ignoring the error and retrying without changes",
      "why_fails": "The same error will recur because the certificate issue is not addressed.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Use a custom SSL context with verification",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "import ssl; ssl_ctx = ssl.create_default_context(); ssl_ctx.load_verify_locations('ca.pem')\nconnector = aiohttp.TCPConnector(ssl=ssl_ctx)\nasync with aiohttp.ClientSession(connector=connector) as session: ...",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Temporarily disable SSL verification for testing (not for production)",
      "success_rate": 0.7,
      "how": "connector = aiohttp.TCPConnector(ssl=False)\nasync with aiohttp.ClientSession(connector=connector) as session: ...",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.83,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-06-12",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}