# django.db.models.query_utils.InvalidQuery: Cannot query "my_value": Must be a User instance.

- **ID:** `python/django-query-set-evaluation-error`
- **Domain:** python
- **Category:** type_error
- **Verification:** ai_generated
- **Fix Rate:** 80%

## Root Cause

查询时使用了错误的数据类型，而不是模型实例

## Version Compatibility

| Version | Status | Introduced | Deprecated |
|---------|--------|------------|------------|
| 3.2 | active | — | — |
| 4.0 | active | — | — |

## Workarounds

1. **使用模型实例进行查询** (100% success)
   ```
   user = User.objects.get(id=1); MyModel.objects.filter(user=user)
   ```
2. **使用外键字段名加双下划线** (95% success)
   ```
   MyModel.objects.filter(user_id=1)
   ```

## Dead Ends

- **使用原始 SQL 查询** — 绕过 ORM，可能导致安全问题 (70% fail)
- **将值转换为字符串** — ORM 仍然无法识别 (80% fail)