{
  "id": "python/httpx-connecterror-ssl-handshake-failure",
  "signature": "httpx.ConnectError: [SSL: SSL_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE] ssl handshake failure (_ssl.c:1123) while connecting to 'https://incompatible.example.com'",
  "signature_zh": "httpx.ConnectError: [SSL: SSL_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE] SSL握手失败 (_ssl.c:1123)，连接到'https://incompatible.example.com'时",
  "regex": "httpx\\.ConnectError:\\ \\[SSL:\\ SSL_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE\\]\\ ssl\\ handshake\\ failure\\ \\(_ssl\\.c:1123\\)\\ while\\ connecting\\ to\\ 'https://incompatible\\.example\\.com'",
  "domain": "python",
  "category": "network_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The client and server cannot agree on SSL/TLS parameters, often due to outdated protocols or cipher mismatches.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "客户端和服务器无法就SSL/TLS参数达成一致，通常是由于过时的协议或密码套件不匹配。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "3.x",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "Disabling SSL verification",
      "why_fails": "Handshake failure occurs before certificate verification.",
      "fail_rate": 0.8,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Using a very old SSL version",
      "why_fails": "Old versions are often disabled for security reasons.",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Update the server to support modern TLS versions (1.2 or 1.3)",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "Contact server administrator to enable TLS 1.2 or higher.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Configure the client to use a specific TLS version if supported",
      "success_rate": 0.8,
      "how": "import ssl\ncontext = ssl.create_default_context()\ncontext.minimum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2\nclient = httpx.Client(verify=context)\nresponse = client.get('https://incompatible.example.com')",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.87,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "partial",
  "first_seen": "2025-12-01",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}