{
  "id": "python/pip-install-certificate-error",
  "signature": "ERROR: Could not install packages due to an SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/package/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1006)')))",
  "signature_zh": "错误：由于 SSLError 无法安装包：HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): 超过最大重试次数，url: /simple/package/ (原因：SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] 证书验证失败：证书链中的自签名证书 (_ssl.c:1006)')))",
  "regex": "ERROR:\\ Could\\ not\\ install\\ packages\\ due\\ to\\ an\\ SSLError:\\ HTTPSConnectionPool\\(host='pypi\\.org',\\ port=443\\):\\ Max\\ retries\\ exceeded\\ with\\ url:\\ /simple/package/\\ \\(Caused\\ by\\ SSLError\\(SSLCertVerificationError\\(1,\\ '\\[SSL:\\ CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED\\]\\ certificate\\ verify\\ failed:\\ self\\ signed\\ certificate\\ in\\ certificate\\ chain\\ \\(_ssl\\.c:1006\\)'\\)\\)\\)",
  "domain": "python",
  "category": "network_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "pip cannot verify the SSL certificate because the certificate chain includes a self-signed certificate, often due to a corporate proxy or antivirus software.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "pip 无法验证 SSL 证书，因为证书链包含自签名证书，通常是由于企业代理或防病毒软件。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "3.x",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Disables SSL verification, exposing you to MITM attacks; not a proper fix.",
      "fail_rate": 0.5,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Globally disables HTTPS verification for Python, affecting all libraries; insecure.",
      "fail_rate": 0.6,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "pip install --cert /path/to/corporate-ca.pem package",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "pip install --upgrade certifi; export SSL_CERT_FILE=$(python -m certifi)",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.84,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-09-25",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}