{
  "id": "python/pip-install-error-invalid-version-specifier",
  "signature": "ERROR: Invalid version specifier: '>=1.0,<2.0'",
  "signature_zh": "错误：无效的版本说明符：'>=1.0,<2.0'",
  "regex": "ERROR:\\ Invalid\\ version\\ specifier:\\ '>=1\\.0,<2\\.0'",
  "domain": "python",
  "category": "data_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The version specifier contains a syntax error, such as a missing comma or invalid operator, causing packaging to fail parsing.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "版本说明符包含语法错误，例如缺少逗号或无效运算符，导致 packaging 解析失败。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "3.x",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Quoting is already correct; the syntax itself is invalid.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Newer pip still enforces valid version specifier syntax.",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Force reinstall does not bypass parsing.",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.99,
      "how": "pip install 'package>=1.0,<2.0'",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "pip install 'package~=1.0'",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "Refer to PEP 440 for valid version specifier syntax.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.88,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-10-10",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}