# 错误：由于 OSError：[Errno 13] 权限被拒绝：'/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/package'，无法安装包

- **ID:** `python/pip-install-error-permission-denied`
- **领域:** python
- **类别:** system_error
- **验证级别:** ai_generated
- **修复率:** 80%

## 根因

pip 缺少对目标 site-packages 目录的写入权限，通常是因为该目录属于 root 或其他用户。

## 版本兼容性

| 版本 | 状态 | 引入 | 弃用 |
|------|------|------|------|
| 3.x | active | — | — |

## 解决方案

1. **** (90% 成功率)
   ```
   pip install --user package
   ```
2. **** (98% 成功率)
   ```
   python3 -m venv myenv && source myenv/bin/activate && pip install package
   ```
3. **** (70% 成功率)
   ```
   sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages
   ```

## 无效尝试

- **** — This can work but may cause permission issues later and is not recommended for user environments. (50% 失败率)
- **** — Reinstalling Python does not change directory ownership. (95% 失败率)
- **** — This may work but can lead to conflicts with system packages. (40% 失败率)