{
  "id": "python/pip-legacy-setup-py-bdist-wheel-failed",
  "signature": "error: invalid command 'bdist_wheel'",
  "signature_zh": "错误：无效命令 'bdist_wheel'",
  "regex": "error:\\ invalid\\ command\\ 'bdist_wheel'",
  "domain": "python",
  "category": "install_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The build backend (setuptools) is missing the `wheel` package, which provides the bdist_wheel command used when building legacy setup.py projects under PEP 517.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "构建后端（setuptools）缺少 `wheel` 包，该包提供了在 PEP 517 下构建旧式 setup.py 项目时使用的 bdist_wheel 命令。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "3.x",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Upgrading setuptools does not install wheel; bdist_wheel is still missing.",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Disabling build isolation uses the current env, which also lacks wheel, so the same error occurs.",
      "fail_rate": 0.6,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "bdist_wheel is invoked by pip's build backend, not by setup.py directly; edits don't help.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.97,
      "how": "python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "python -m pip install wheel\npython -m pip install --no-build-isolation .",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.87,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-01-22",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}