# 错误：由于 OSError 无法安装包：[Errno 13] 权限被拒绝：'/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/foo'

- **ID:** `python/pip-permission-denied-install`
- **领域:** python
- **类别:** system_error
- **验证级别:** ai_generated
- **修复率:** 80%

## 根因

pip 试图在没有足够权限的情况下安装到系统目录。

## 版本兼容性

| 版本 | 状态 | 引入 | 弃用 |
|------|------|------|------|
| 3.8 | active | — | — |
| 3.9 | active | — | — |
| 3.10 | active | — | — |
| 3.11 | active | — | — |
| 3.12 | active | — | — |

## 解决方案

1. **** (95% 成功率)
   ```
   Create and activate a virtual environment: `python -m venv venv && source venv/bin/activate && pip install foo`.
   ```
2. **** (80% 成功率)
   ```
   If you must install globally, use `pip install --user foo`.
   ```

## 无效尝试

- **** — May work but can cause conflicts; better to use a virtual environment. (30% 失败率)
- **** — Can break system packages and is discouraged. (60% 失败率)