{
  "id": "python/pip-ssl-certificate-verify-failed",
  "signature": "ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /packages/... (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate')))",
  "signature_zh": "错误：由于OSError无法安装包：HTTPS连接池超过最大重试次数（由SSLError引起：证书验证失败：无法获取本地颁发者证书）",
  "regex": "ERROR:\\ Could\\ not\\ install\\ packages\\ due\\ to\\ an\\ OSError:\\ HTTPSConnectionPool\\(host='files\\.pythonhosted\\.org',\\ port=443\\):\\ Max\\ retries\\ exceeded\\ with\\ url:\\ /packages/\\.\\.\\.\\ \\(Caused\\ by\\ SSLError\\(SSLCertVerificationError\\(1,\\ '\\[SSL:\\ CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED\\]\\ certificate\\ verify\\ failed:\\ unable\\ to\\ get\\ local\\ issuer\\ certificate'\\)\\)\\)",
  "domain": "python",
  "category": "network_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "SSL certificate verification fails due to missing or outdated CA certificates on the system.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "由于系统缺少或CA证书过期，SSL证书验证失败。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "3.10",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "Disabling SSL verification with --trusted-host",
      "why_fails": "Security risk; may work but exposes to man-in-the-middle attacks.",
      "fail_rate": 0.3,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Using --cert with wrong path",
      "why_fails": "Path to certificate may be incorrect or file missing.",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Update CA certificates",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "pip install --upgrade certifi\n# Or system level: sudo update-ca-certificates",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Use a custom CA bundle if behind corporate proxy",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "pip install --cert /path/to/custom-ca-bundle.crt package",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.85,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2025-01-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}