{
  "id": "python/pip-subprocess-exited-with-error-build-backend",
  "signature": "error: subprocess-exited-with-error\n\n× python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.\n│ exit code: 1\n╰─> [12 lines of output]\n    ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Cython'",
  "signature_zh": "错误：子进程以错误退出\n\n× python setup.py bdist_wheel 未能成功运行。\n│ 退出代码：1\n╰─> [12 行输出]\n    ModuleNotFoundError: 没有名为 'Cython' 的模块",
  "regex": "error:\\ subprocess\\-exited\\-with\\-error\\\n\\\n×\\ python\\ setup\\.py\\ bdist_wheel\\ did\\ not\\ run\\ successfully\\.\\\n│\\ exit\\ code:\\ 1\\\n╰─>\\ \\[12\\ lines\\ of\\ output\\]\\\n\\ \\ \\ \\ ModuleNotFoundError:\\ No\\ module\\ named\\ 'Cython'",
  "domain": "python",
  "category": "install_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The package's build backend requires build-time dependencies (Cython, numpy, etc.) that are not declared in pyproject.toml's [build-system].requires, so the isolated build environment lacks them.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "包的构建后端需要构建时依赖项（Cython、numpy 等），但这些依赖项未在 pyproject.toml 的 [build-system].requires 中声明，因此隔离的构建环境缺少它们。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "3.x",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "PEP 517 build isolation uses a fresh env; packages in your venv are invisible to the build.",
      "fail_rate": 0.8,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "The missing dependency is deterministic; retrying produces identical failure.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "python -m pip install Cython numpy\npython -m pip install --no-build-isolation mypkg",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "# If the project ships pyproject.toml with [build-system].requires\npython -m pip install build\npython -m build  # installs build-system.requires automatically",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.87,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-03-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}