{
  "id": "python/pip-wheel-not-supported-python-version",
  "signature": "ERROR: Could not build wheels for numpy, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects",
  "signature_zh": "错误：无法为 numpy 构建 wheel，而这是安装基于 pyproject.toml 的项目所必需的。",
  "regex": "ERROR:\\ Could\\ not\\ build\\ wheels\\ for\\ numpy,\\ which\\ is\\ required\\ to\\ install\\ pyproject\\.toml\\-based\\ projects",
  "domain": "python",
  "category": "install_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "No prebuilt wheel exists for the current (Python version, platform, ABI) triple, so pip falls back to a source build that fails because build deps (compiler, headers) are missing.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "当前（Python 版本、平台、ABI）组合没有预构建 wheel，pip 回退到源码构建，而构建依赖（编译器、头文件）缺失导致失败。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "3.8",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "3.9",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "3.10",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "3.11",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "3.12",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "3.13",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Upgrading build tools does not create a wheel that upstream did not publish for this platform.",
      "fail_rate": 0.75,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Uses the current environment's build deps; usually the same missing compiler is the actual blocker.",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.88,
      "how": "Install a prebuilt wheel from a compatible index or pin to a version with wheels: `pip install 'numpy<2' --only-binary=:all:` to force wheel-only resolution.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "Install build prerequisites: on Debian/Ubuntu `apt-get install build-essential python3-dev`, then retry `pip install numpy`.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.86,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-07-19",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}