{
  "id": "python/requests-connectionerror-ssl-certificate-verify-failed-unable-to-get-issuer",
  "signature": "requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='incomplete.example.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get issuer certificate')))",
  "signature_zh": "requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='incomplete.example.com', port=443): 超过最大重试次数 (由SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] 证书验证失败：无法获取颁发者证书'))引起)",
  "regex": "requests\\.exceptions\\.SSLError:\\ HTTPSConnectionPool\\(host='incomplete\\.example\\.com',\\ port=443\\):\\ Max\\ retries\\ exceeded\\ with\\ url:\\ /\\ \\(Caused\\ by\\ SSLError\\(SSLCertVerificationError\\(1,\\ '\\[SSL:\\ CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED\\]\\ certificate\\ verify\\ failed:\\ unable\\ to\\ get\\ issuer\\ certificate'\\)\\)\\)",
  "domain": "python",
  "category": "network_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The server did not send the intermediate CA certificate, and the client cannot build the trust chain.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "服务器未发送中间CA证书，客户端无法构建信任链。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "3.x",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "Disabling SSL verification",
      "why_fails": "Bypasses security; does not solve the missing intermediate certificate.",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Manually downloading the certificate and using it incorrectly",
      "why_fails": "If the certificate chain is incomplete, the verification still fails.",
      "fail_rate": 0.8,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Configure the server to send the full certificate chain",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "Contact server administrator to include intermediate CA certificates in the server configuration.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Provide the missing intermediate CA certificate locally",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "requests.get('https://incomplete.example.com', verify='/path/to/intermediate-ca.crt')",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.86,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "partial",
  "first_seen": "2026-01-10",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}