{
  "id": "python/setuptools-cython-build-failure",
  "signature": "error: command '/usr/bin/gcc' failed with exit code 1\n\nCython.Compiler.Errors.CompileError: foo/_bar.pyx",
  "signature_zh": "错误：命令 '/usr/bin/gcc' 以退出码 1 失败\n\nCython.Compiler.Errors.CompileError: foo/_bar.pyx",
  "regex": "error:\\ command\\ '/usr/bin/gcc'\\ failed\\ with\\ exit\\ code\\ 1\\\n\\\nCython\\.Compiler\\.Errors\\.CompileError:\\ foo/_bar\\.pyx",
  "domain": "python",
  "category": "install_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "A Cython extension failed to compile because of a missing C header, an incompatible compiler, or a Cython version mismatch with the .pyx source.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "Cython 扩展编译失败，原因是缺少 C 头文件、编译器不兼容，或 Cython 版本与 .pyx 源码不匹配。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "3.8",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "3.9",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "3.10",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "3.11",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "3.12",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "The compiler error is deterministic.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Optimization level is not the cause of a CompileError.",
      "fail_rate": 0.8,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.8,
      "how": "Install build prerequisites (e.g. `sudo apt-get install python3-dev libfoo-dev`) and pin a matching Cython: `pip install 'cython<3'` or `'cython>=3'` per the project's docs.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "Prefer a prebuilt wheel: `pip install --only-binary=:all: <pkg>` to avoid compiling at all.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.83,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "partial",
  "first_seen": "2024-09-25",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}