{
  "id": "python/sqlalchemy-invalid-sort-expression",
  "signature": "sqlalchemy.exc.ArgumentError: Invalid sort expression: 'invalid_column'",
  "signature_zh": "sqlalchemy.exc.ArgumentError: 无效的排序表达式: 'invalid_column'",
  "regex": "sqlalchemy\\.exc\\.ArgumentError:\\ Invalid\\ sort\\ expression:\\ 'invalid_column'",
  "domain": "python",
  "category": "type_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Passing a string that does not correspond to a valid column or expression to the order_by method.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "向 order_by 方法传递了一个不对应有效列或表达式的字符串。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "3.x",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "Using the string as is without validation",
      "why_fails": "The error will persist.",
      "fail_rate": 1.0,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Renaming the column to match the string",
      "why_fails": "This changes the database schema unnecessarily.",
      "fail_rate": 0.5,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Use the column attribute directly",
      "success_rate": 0.98,
      "how": "session.query(User).order_by(User.name).all()",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Use text() for raw SQL expressions",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "from sqlalchemy import text\nsession.query(User).order_by(text('name DESC')).all()",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": null,
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.83,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2025-10-05",
  "last_confirmed": "2025-01-01",
  "last_updated": "2025-01-01",
  "evidence_count": 0,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}