{
  "id": "safety/chemical-burn-acid-base-neutralize",
  "signature": "AI advises using a weak acid (vinegar) to neutralize an alkali chemical burn, or a weak base (baking soda) to neutralize an acid chemical burn",
  "signature_zh": "AI建议使用弱酸（醋）中和碱化学烧伤，或使用弱碱（小苏打）中和酸化学烧伤",
  "regex": "neutralize.*chemical.*burn|vinegar.*acid.*burn|baking.soda.*base.*burn|weak.*acid.*alkali.*burn",
  "domain": "safety",
  "category": "physical_safety",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Neutralization reactions can produce additional heat (exothermic) that worsens thermal injury, and may cause gas formation (e.g., CO2 from acid+baking soda) that can force chemicals deeper into tissue; standard first aid for chemical burns is copious water irrigation for 20+ minutes, not chemical neutralization.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "中和反应会产生额外的热量（放热反应），加重热损伤，并可能产生气体（如酸+小苏打产生二氧化碳），将化学物质推入更深组织；化学烧伤的标准急救是大量清水冲洗20分钟以上，而非化学中和。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "WHO Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "American Burn Association Guidelines 2022",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "MSDS SDS 2024",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Assume 'like dissolves like' or 'opposites cancel' applies to chemistry on skin; but living tissue is not a beaker, and exothermic reactions cause additional thermal damage",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Think household products are safe because they are 'mild'; vinegar is 5% acetic acid (pH ~2.4) which can itself cause burns on damaged skin, and baking soda is alkaline (pH ~8.3)",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Believe neutralization is faster than water rinsing so it's better for emergencies; but neutralization takes time to complete while water immediately dilutes and flushes away the chemical",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Immediately flush affected area with copious amounts of cool running water for at least 20 minutes, removing contaminated clothing during flushing; use a shower, hose, or faucet — do not scrub the area",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "Immediately flush affected area with copious amounts of cool running water for at least 20 minutes, removing contaminated clothing during flushing; use a shower, hose, or faucet — do not scrub the area",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "For dry powder chemicals (e.g., lime, phosphorus): brush off visible powder before flushing to prevent water from activating the chemical; then flush with water for 20 minutes",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "For dry powder chemicals (e.g., lime, phosphorus): brush off visible powder before flushing to prevent water from activating the chemical; then flush with water for 20 minutes",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "After flushing, cover the burn loosely with a clean dry cloth or sterile dressing (not adhesive), and seek immediate medical attention; do not apply ointments, butter, or ice directly",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "After flushing, cover the burn loosely with a clean dry cloth or sterile dressing (not adhesive), and seek immediate medical attention; do not apply ointments, butter, or ice directly",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Immediately flush affected area with copious amounts of cool running water for at least 20 minutes, removing contaminated clothing during flushing; use a shower, hose, or faucet — do not scrub the area",
    "For dry powder chemicals (e.g., lime, phosphorus): brush off visible powder before flushing to prevent water from activating the chemical; then flush with water for 20 minutes",
    "After flushing, cover the burn loosely with a clean dry cloth or sterile dressing (not adhesive), and seek immediate medical attention; do not apply ointments, butter, or ice directly"
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chemical-burns",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "WHO-EMC-2023-chem-burn",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.9,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.85,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2023-08-20",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}