{
  "id": "safety/chemical-burn-first-aid-wrong-neutralization",
  "signature": "AI advises using a weak acid (vinegar) to neutralize an alkali chemical burn, or a weak base (baking soda) to neutralize an acid chemical burn on skin",
  "signature_zh": "AI建议使用弱酸（醋）中和碱性化学烧伤，或使用弱碱（小苏打）中和酸性化学烧伤",
  "regex": "neutralize.*(chemical|acid|alkali|burn).*(vinegar|baking soda|weak acid|weak base)",
  "domain": "safety",
  "category": "physical_safety",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Neutralization reactions generate heat exothermically, which can worsen thermal injury; the correct first aid is immediate, copious irrigation with water for at least 20 minutes.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "中和反应会放热，可能加剧热损伤；正确的急救方法是立即用大量清水冲洗至少20分钟。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "NIOSH Emergency Response Guide",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Vinegar (acetic acid) reacts with NaOH to produce sodium acetate, water, and significant heat, causing thermal burns on top of chemical injury.",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) reacts with strong acids to produce CO2 gas and heat; the foaming action can spread the acid and the heat worsens tissue damage.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Wiping can spread the chemical to unaffected skin and push it deeper into tissues; dry cloth may not remove all chemical and causes friction damage.",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Immediately flush the affected area with copious amounts of cool running water for at least 20 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing while flushing. Use a safety shower if available.",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "Immediately flush the affected area with copious amounts of cool running water for at least 20 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing while flushing. Use a safety shower if available.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "For dry chemical (e.g., lime, sodium metal), brush off the chemical with a dry, non-abrasive tool before flushing, then irrigate with water for 20 minutes.",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "For dry chemical (e.g., lime, sodium metal), brush off the chemical with a dry, non-abrasive tool before flushing, then irrigate with water for 20 minutes.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "After irrigation, cover the burn loosely with a sterile non-stick dressing or clean cloth. Seek emergency medical evaluation for all chemical burns larger than 3 inches or on face, hands, feet, or genitals.",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "After irrigation, cover the burn loosely with a sterile non-stick dressing or clean cloth. Seek emergency medical evaluation for all chemical burns larger than 3 inches or on face, hands, feet, or genitals.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Immediately flush the affected area with copious amounts of cool running water for at least 20 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing while flushing. Use a safety shower if available.",
    "For dry chemical (e.g., lime, sodium metal), brush off the chemical with a dry, non-abrasive tool before flushing, then irrigate with water for 20 minutes.",
    "After irrigation, cover the burn loosely with a sterile non-stick dressing or clean cloth. Seek emergency medical evaluation for all chemical burns larger than 3 inches or on face, hands, feet, or genitals."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-115/pdfs/2010-115.pdf",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.88,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.92,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-03-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}