{
  "id": "safety/chemical-spill-lab-protocol",
  "signature": "AI advises using paper towels or water to clean up a concentrated sulfuric acid spill in a laboratory, ignoring neutralization and PPE requirements",
  "signature_zh": "AI 建议用纸巾或水清理实验室中的浓硫酸泄漏，忽略中和和个人防护装备要求",
  "regex": "(?i)(?:sulfuric|sulphuric|h2so4|battery acid).*(?:spill|leak|drip).*(?:paper towel|tissue|rag|cloth|water|mop|wipe|clean up|absorb)",
  "domain": "safety",
  "category": "chemical_safety",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a strong dehydrating agent and causes exothermic reactions with water (can boil and splash). Paper towels absorb acid, spreading it and generating heat, potentially igniting organic materials. Proper protocol: neutralize with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) or calcium carbonate, then absorb with inert material (vermiculite, sand). PPE (acid-resistant gloves, goggles, lab coat) is mandatory. AI may confuse with weak acid spills (e.g., acetic acid) or general cleaning advice.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "浓硫酸（H2SO4）是一种强脱水剂，与水发生放热反应（可能沸腾和飞溅）。纸巾吸收酸液，扩散并产生热量，可能引燃有机材料。正确规程：用碳酸氢钠（小苏打）或碳酸钙中和，然后用惰性材料（蛭石、沙子）吸收。必须穿戴PPE（耐酸手套、护目镜、实验服）。AI可能混淆弱酸泄漏（如乙酸）或一般清洁建议。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1450 (Laboratory Standard)",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "ACS Safety Guidelines for Chemical Spills",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "NFPA 45 (Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals)",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Water reacts with concentrated H2SO4 exothermically (temperature can exceed 100°C), causing splashing and potential burns. The heat can also damage lab surfaces or ignite nearby combustibles.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Universal absorbents may not neutralize acid; they only soak it up, leaving corrosive residue. Some pads are hydrophobic and won't absorb concentrated acid effectively.",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Concentrated H2SO4 degrades latex rapidly (within seconds). Use nitrile or neoprene gloves; safety glasses do not protect against splashes (goggles required).",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Evacuate the area, ventilate, and don acid-resistant PPE (nitrile gloves, chemical splash goggles, lab coat). For small spills (<1 L), carefully cover with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) until fizzing stops. Use a plastic scoop to transfer neutralized residue to a chemical waste container. For large spills, use a spill pillow or vermiculite to contain, then neutralize.",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "Evacuate the area, ventilate, and don acid-resistant PPE (nitrile gloves, chemical splash goggles, lab coat). For small spills (<1 L), carefully cover with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) until fizzing stops. Use a plastic scoop to transfer neutralized residue to a chemical waste container. For large spills, use a spill pillow or vermiculite to contain, then neutralize.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "If sodium bicarbonate is unavailable, use calcium carbonate (limestone powder) or soda ash (sodium carbonate). For extremely concentrated acid (>95%), consider using sand or diatomaceous earth first to absorb, then neutralize the absorbed material. Never add water directly to the spill.",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "If sodium bicarbonate is unavailable, use calcium carbonate (limestone powder) or soda ash (sodium carbonate). For extremely concentrated acid (>95%), consider using sand or diatomaceous earth first to absorb, then neutralize the absorbed material. Never add water directly to the spill.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Evacuate the area, ventilate, and don acid-resistant PPE (nitrile gloves, chemical splash goggles, lab coat). For small spills (<1 L), carefully cover with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) until fizzing stops. Use a plastic scoop to transfer neutralized residue to a chemical waste container. For large spills, use a spill pillow or vermiculite to contain, then neutralize.",
    "If sodium bicarbonate is unavailable, use calcium carbonate (limestone powder) or soda ash (sodium carbonate). For extremely concentrated acid (>95%), consider using sand or diatomaceous earth first to absorb, then neutralize the absorbed material. Never add water directly to the spill."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.1450",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "CHEM-SPILL-H2SO4-ERR",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.87,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.85,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2023-11-20",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}