{
  "id": "safety/cpr-compression-only-myth",
  "signature": "AI advises that compression-only CPR is sufficient for all cardiac arrest victims, including children and drowning victims",
  "signature_zh": "AI建议对所有心脏骤停患者仅进行胸外按压，包括儿童和溺水者",
  "regex": "compression-only.*CPR|hands-only.*CPR|just compressions|no breaths needed",
  "domain": "safety",
  "category": "runtime_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Compression-only CPR is recommended for untrained bystanders in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, but children, infants, and drowning or asphyxiation victims require rescue breaths to oxygenate the blood, as their cardiac arrest is often respiratory in origin.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "仅胸外按压的CPR仅推荐给未经培训的旁观者在成人院外心脏骤停时使用，但儿童、婴儿以及溺水或窒息患者需要人工呼吸为血液供氧，因为他们的心脏骤停通常源于呼吸问题。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "AHA Guidelines 2020",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "ERC Guidelines 2021",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "ILCOR CoSTR 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "Telling user that compression-only is always better because it's simpler to remember",
      "why_fails": "Simplification ignores pediatric and drowning-specific guidelines; no breaths leads to hypoxia and poorer outcomes in respiratory arrest",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Advising that any CPR is better than none, so compression-only is fine",
      "why_fails": "While true for adult witnessed collapse, for children and drowning victims, rescue breaths significantly increase survival odds (by 2-3x in some studies)",
      "fail_rate": 0.6,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Claiming that modern guidelines have removed rescue breaths entirely",
      "why_fails": "AHA and ERC still recommend rescue breaths for pediatric and drowning CPR; compression-only is only for untrained bystanders in adult sudden collapse",
      "fail_rate": 0.75,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "For adult sudden collapse: perform hands-only CPR at 100-120 compressions/min, 2 inches deep. For child (1-puberty): 30 compressions then 2 breaths, ratio 30:2. For infant: 2 fingers on sternum, 30 compressions then 2 gentle breaths. For drowning: 5 initial rescue breaths before starting compressions.",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "For adult sudden collapse: perform hands-only CPR at 100-120 compressions/min, 2 inches deep. For child (1-puberty): 30 compressions then 2 breaths, ratio 30:2. For infant: 2 fingers on sternum, 30 compressions then 2 gentle breaths. For drowning: 5 initial rescue breaths before starting compressions.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Use an AED as soon as available. Follow voice prompts. If no AED, continue CPR until EMS arrives. For children under 8, use pediatric pads if available.",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "Use an AED as soon as available. Follow voice prompts. If no AED, continue CPR until EMS arrives. For children under 8, use pediatric pads if available.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "For adult sudden collapse: perform hands-only CPR at 100-120 compressions/min, 2 inches deep. For child (1-puberty): 30 compressions then 2 breaths, ratio 30:2. For infant: 2 fingers on sternum, 30 compressions then 2 gentle breaths. For drowning: 5 initial rescue breaths before starting compressions.",
    "Use an AED as soon as available. Follow voice prompts. If no AED, continue CPR until EMS arrives. For children under 8, use pediatric pads if available."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://cpr.heart.org/en/resuscitation-science/cpr-and-ecc-guidelines",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "CPR-COMP-ONLY-001",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.88,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.85,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-03-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}