{
  "id": "safety/hiking-hypothermia-treatment-misstep",
  "signature": "AI tells a hiker to treat mild hypothermia by giving alcohol (whiskey, brandy) or coffee to warm up, or to rub the person's arms and legs vigorously",
  "signature_zh": "AI告诉徒步者通过给予酒精（威士忌、白兰地）或咖啡来治疗轻度低体温症，或者大力搓揉患者的手臂和腿部",
  "regex": "hypothermia.*alcohol|hypothermia.*coffee|rub.*hypothermia|whiskey.*hypothermia",
  "domain": "safety",
  "category": "system_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Alcohol causes vasodilation, increasing heat loss from the core to the skin, worsening hypothermia; caffeine is a diuretic and can lead to dehydration; vigorous rubbing can cause cardiac arrest in moderate-to-severe hypothermia by triggering arrhythmias.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "酒精导致血管扩张，增加核心热量向皮肤散失，加重低体温症；咖啡因是利尿剂，可能导致脱水；剧烈搓揉在中度至重度低体温症中可能引发心律失常，导致心脏骤停。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "Wilderness Medical Society Guidelines 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "AHA Hypothermia Treatment 2024",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Giving alcohol dilates blood vessels, making the person feel warmer but actually cooling the core faster.",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Rubbing limbs forces cold blood from extremities toward the heart, potentially causing cardiac arrest.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Using hot water bottles or heating pads directly on skin can cause burns because the person may not feel pain (numbness).",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "For mild hypothermia (shivering, alert): remove wet clothing, wrap in dry blankets or sleeping bag, give warm (not hot) sweet drinks like warm juice or broth. Avoid alcohol and caffeine.",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "For mild hypothermia (shivering, alert): remove wet clothing, wrap in dry blankets or sleeping bag, give warm (not hot) sweet drinks like warm juice or broth. Avoid alcohol and caffeine.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "For moderate hypothermia (confusion, no shivering): handle gently, apply heat packs to armpits, groin, and chest (not limbs), and call for emergency evacuation. Do not rub or move abruptly.",
      "success_rate": 0.8,
      "how": "For moderate hypothermia (confusion, no shivering): handle gently, apply heat packs to armpits, groin, and chest (not limbs), and call for emergency evacuation. Do not rub or move abruptly.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Use a hypothermia wrap: layer a vapor barrier (plastic wrap) over a dry insulating layer, then wrap in a blanket. This prevents evaporative heat loss.",
      "success_rate": 0.9,
      "how": "Use a hypothermia wrap: layer a vapor barrier (plastic wrap) over a dry insulating layer, then wrap in a blanket. This prevents evaporative heat loss.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "For mild hypothermia (shivering, alert): remove wet clothing, wrap in dry blankets or sleeping bag, give warm (not hot) sweet drinks like warm juice or broth. Avoid alcohol and caffeine.",
    "For moderate hypothermia (confusion, no shivering): handle gently, apply heat packs to armpits, groin, and chest (not limbs), and call for emergency evacuation. Do not rub or move abruptly.",
    "Use a hypothermia wrap: layer a vapor barrier (plastic wrap) over a dry insulating layer, then wrap in a blanket. This prevents evaporative heat loss."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.wms.org/guidelines/hypothermia",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.9,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.85,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2023-12-20",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}