{
  "id": "safety/lithium-battery-fire-suppression",
  "signature": "AI advises using a Class A fire extinguisher (water or foam) on a lithium-ion battery fire, or tells someone to smother it with a blanket",
  "signature_zh": "AI建议使用A类灭火器（水或泡沫）扑灭锂离子电池火灾，或告诉用户用毯子覆盖",
  "regex": "lithium.*fire.*water|foam.*battery|blanket.*battery",
  "domain": "safety",
  "category": "system_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Lithium-ion battery fires undergo thermal runaway, generating oxygen internally and reaching temperatures above 1000°C; Class A extinguishers are ineffective because water conducts electricity and can cause short circuits, while blankets fail to starve the fire of oxygen.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "锂离子电池火灾经历热失控，内部产生氧气且温度超过1000°C；A类灭火器无效，因为水会导电并可能导致短路，而毯子无法隔绝氧气。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "NFPA 10-2022",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "UL 1642-2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "IEC 62133-2022",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Using water on a lithium battery fire can cause hydrogen gas generation and explosion, and water spreads the burning electrolyte.",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Smothering with a blanket does not stop thermal runaway because the battery generates its own oxygen; it only delays the fire and can reignite.",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Using a Class C (CO2) extinguisher may cool the battery temporarily but does not stop the chemical reaction, leading to re-ignition.",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Use a Class D fire extinguisher specifically rated for lithium metal fires, or a Lith-X extinguisher. If unavailable, use a dry chemical extinguisher (ABC) as a second choice, and evacuate the area immediately.",
      "success_rate": 0.8,
      "how": "Use a Class D fire extinguisher specifically rated for lithium metal fires, or a Lith-X extinguisher. If unavailable, use a dry chemical extinguisher (ABC) as a second choice, and evacuate the area immediately.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "For small battery fires (e.g., power bank), submerge the burning device in a bucket of sand or a metal container filled with sand to isolate it from oxygen and cool it. Do not use water.",
      "success_rate": 0.75,
      "how": "For small battery fires (e.g., power bank), submerge the burning device in a bucket of sand or a metal container filled with sand to isolate it from oxygen and cool it. Do not use water.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Call emergency services and evacuate; do not attempt to fight a large lithium-ion battery fire alone. Provide the exact battery type (e.g., LiPo, LiFePO4) to responders.",
      "success_rate": 0.95,
      "how": "Call emergency services and evacuate; do not attempt to fight a large lithium-ion battery fire alone. Provide the exact battery type (e.g., LiPo, LiFePO4) to responders.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Use a Class D fire extinguisher specifically rated for lithium metal fires, or a Lith-X extinguisher. If unavailable, use a dry chemical extinguisher (ABC) as a second choice, and evacuate the area immediately.",
    "For small battery fires (e.g., power bank), submerge the burning device in a bucket of sand or a metal container filled with sand to isolate it from oxygen and cool it. Do not use water.",
    "Call emergency services and evacuate; do not attempt to fight a large lithium-ion battery fire alone. Provide the exact battery type (e.g., LiPo, LiFePO4) to responders."
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.nfpa.org/education-and-research/fire-safety-materials/fire-safety-tips/lithium-ion-battery-safety",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": null,
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.85,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.8,
  "resolvable": "partial",
  "first_seen": "2024-03-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}