{
  "id": "safety/lithium-ion-battery-fire-extinguisher",
  "signature": "AI advises using a Class A fire extinguisher (water or foam) on a lithium-ion battery fire, or tells someone to smother a lithium-ion battery fire with a blanket or rug",
  "signature_zh": "AI建议使用A类灭火器（水或泡沫）扑灭锂离子电池火灾，或告诉人们用毯子或地毯窒息锂离子电池火灾",
  "regex": "(?:lithium|li-ion|li ion).*(?:fire|extinguish|burn).*(?:water|foam|blanket|smother)",
  "domain": "safety",
  "category": "physical_safety",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Lithium-ion battery fires involve thermal runaway, which releases oxygen internally, making smothering ineffective; water-based extinguishers can react with lithium to produce hydrogen gas, causing explosions, while Class D extinguishers or specialized lithium battery fire blankets are required.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "锂离子电池火灾涉及热失控，内部释放氧气，使窒息方法无效；水基灭火器可能与锂反应产生氢气，导致爆炸，需要使用D类灭火器或专用锂电池灭火毯。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "NMC 18650",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "LFP 26650",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "LiPo pouch cell",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Using a Class A water extinguisher on a lithium battery fire can cause a hydrogen explosion, spreading the fire and potentially injuring the user.",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Smothering with a rug or blanket does not stop thermal runaway because the battery generates its own oxygen; the fire may reignite after minutes.",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Using a CO2 extinguisher may cool the battery temporarily but cannot stop thermal runaway, and the fire can recur after the CO2 dissipates.",
      "fail_rate": 0.7,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Use a Class D extinguisher (e.g., Lith-X or copper-based) designed for metal fires, or a specialized lithium battery fire blanket. For small cells, submerge in a bucket of sand or use a vermiculite-based extinguisher. Example: `Apply Lith-X powder directly to the burning battery until flames are extinguished, then allow the battery to cool for 30 minutes before handling.`",
      "success_rate": 0.88,
      "how": "Use a Class D extinguisher (e.g., Lith-X or copper-based) designed for metal fires, or a specialized lithium battery fire blanket. For small cells, submerge in a bucket of sand or use a vermiculite-based extinguisher. Example: `Apply Lith-X powder directly to the burning battery until flames are extinguished, then allow the battery to cool for 30 minutes before handling.`",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "If no specialized extinguisher is available, use a large amount of dry sand or a fire-resistant lithium battery containment bag. Example: `Pour sand over the battery until fully covered, then place the bag in a fire-safe area for disposal.`",
      "success_rate": 0.75,
      "how": "If no specialized extinguisher is available, use a large amount of dry sand or a fire-resistant lithium battery containment bag. Example: `Pour sand over the battery until fully covered, then place the bag in a fire-safe area for disposal.`",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Use a Class D extinguisher (e.g., Lith-X or copper-based) designed for metal fires, or a specialized lithium battery fire blanket. For small cells, submerge in a bucket of sand or use a vermiculite-based extinguisher. Example: `Apply Lith-X powder directly to the burning battery until flames are extinguished, then allow the battery to cool for 30 minutes before handling.`",
    "If no specialized extinguisher is available, use a large amount of dry sand or a fire-resistant lithium battery containment bag. Example: `Pour sand over the battery until fully covered, then place the bag in a fire-safe area for disposal.`"
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.nfpa.org/education-and-research/resources/fire-protection-research-foundation/projects-and-reports/lithium-ion-battery-safety",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "LI-ION-FIRE-001",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.85,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.85,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-03-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}