{
  "id": "safety/tsunami-evacuation-height-advice",
  "signature": "AI tells a coastal resident during a tsunami warning to evacuate to a building at least 10 meters above sea level, or to go to the top floor of a 3-story building",
  "signature_zh": "AI在海啸预警期间告诉沿海居民撤离到海拔至少10米的建筑物，或去3层建筑的顶层",
  "regex": "evacuate to a building 10 meters above sea level|go to the top floor of a 3-story building during a tsunami|tsunami safe height 10 meters",
  "domain": "safety",
  "category": "physical_safety",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Tsunami wave heights vary by event and location; a 10-meter elevation may be insufficient for a major tsunami (e.g., 2011 Tohoku had run-ups exceeding 40 meters). Vertical evacuation to a building's top floor is only safe if the building is designed as a tsunami vertical evacuation structure (TVES) with adequate height, structural strength, and depth rating; generic 3-story buildings may collapse or be overtopped",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "海啸波高因事件和地点而异；10米海拔可能不足以应对大海啸（例如2011年东北海啸爬高超过40米）。垂直疏散到建筑物顶层仅在建筑物被设计为海啸垂直疏散结构（TVES）并具有足够高度、结构强度和深度评级时才安全；普通3层建筑可能倒塌或被淹没",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "NOAA Tsunami Warning Center Evacuation Guidelines 2024",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "FEMA P-646 Guidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis 3rd Edition",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "UNESCO IOC Tsunami Ready Program 2023",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "Evacuate to any building that is at least 10 meters above sea level",
      "why_fails": "Tsunami run-up can exceed 30 meters in some areas; a 10-meter elevation may be overtopped by large waves; local inundation maps should be used to determine safe zones",
      "fail_rate": 0.75,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Go to the top floor of any 3-story building as vertical evacuation",
      "why_fails": "Most 3-story buildings are not designed to withstand tsunami forces (hydrodynamic loads, debris impact, scour); only purpose-built TVES or reinforced concrete buildings above the design flood level are safe",
      "fail_rate": 0.85,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Follow official tsunami evacuation routes to high ground (at least 30 meters elevation or as specified by local hazard maps). If no high ground is reachable, use a designated tsunami vertical evacuation structure (TVES) that is certified to FEMA P-646 standards. Do not rely on generic building heights.",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "Follow official tsunami evacuation routes to high ground (at least 30 meters elevation or as specified by local hazard maps). If no high ground is reachable, use a designated tsunami vertical evacuation structure (TVES) that is certified to FEMA P-646 standards. Do not rely on generic building heights.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Check local tsunami inundation maps (e.g., from NOAA or state emergency management) to pre-identify safe zones and TVES. During a warning, move inland at least 1 mile or to an elevation above the mapped maximum run-up for your area.",
      "success_rate": 0.8,
      "how": "Check local tsunami inundation maps (e.g., from NOAA or state emergency management) to pre-identify safe zones and TVES. During a warning, move inland at least 1 mile or to an elevation above the mapped maximum run-up for your area.",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "遵循官方海啸疏散路线前往高地（至少30米海拔或根据当地灾害地图指定）。如果无法到达高地，使用经FEMA P-646标准认证的指定海啸垂直疏散结构（TVES）。不要依赖普通建筑高度。",
    "查看当地海啸淹没地图（例如来自NOAA或州应急管理部门），预先识别安全区域和TVES。在警报期间，向内陆移动至少1英里或到高于该地区最大爬高的海拔。"
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://www.tsunami.gov/",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "TSUNAMI-SAFETY-001",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.86,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.78,
  "resolvable": "partial",
  "first_seen": "2025-03-12",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}