# AI告诉沿海居民在海啸警报期间撤离到海拔至少10米的建筑物或距离海岸100米内的指定避难所

- **ID:** `safety/tsunami-evacuation-height-myth`
- **领域:** safety
- **类别:** runtime_error
- **错误码:** `TSUNAMI-EVAC-003`
- **验证级别:** ai_generated
- **修复率:** 80%

## 根因

某些地区的海啸爬高可超过30米（例如2011年东日本大地震海啸爬高达到40米），而在低洼地区仅向内陆撤离100米是不够的；安全区域由当地海啸淹没地图定义，而非通用数字。

## 版本兼容性

| 版本 | 状态 | 引入 | 弃用 |
|------|------|------|------|
| NOAA TsunamiReady Guidelines 2023 | active | — | — |
| USGS Tsunami Inundation Maps 2024 | active | — | — |
| Pacific Tsunami Warning Center SOP 2023 | active | — | — |

## 解决方案

1. ```
   Check local tsunami evacuation maps (e.g., https://www.tsunami.gov/ or local emergency management website). Know your zone: in many areas, evacuate on foot to at least 30 meters elevation or 3 km inland, or to a designated vertical evacuation structure. Do not use roads that may be congested or blocked.
   ```
2. ```
   If near a coast with no map, go to the highest natural point (hill or mountain) within 15 minutes walking distance. In flat areas, go inland at least 3 km. Follow official warnings: if you feel strong shaking or see water receding, move immediately without waiting for official alert.
   ```

## 无效尝试

- **Telling user that 10 meters elevation is universally safe for all tsunamis** — Some tsunamis can overtop 30-meter cliffs; local topography and historical runup data must be consulted (85% 失败率)
- **Advising to go to the nearest building that is at least two stories tall** — A two-story building (approx 6-7 meters) may not be high enough in a major tsunami; vertical evacuation structures are specifically engineered for tsunami loads (70% 失败率)
- **Claiming that being 100 meters inland is sufficient regardless of elevation** — In flat coastal areas, tsunami waves can travel kilometers inland; 100 meters is negligible (90% 失败率)