{
  "id": "security/oauth2-redirect-uri-open-redirect",
  "signature": "OAuth2 redirect_uri open redirect allows attacker to intercept authorization code via unvalidated wildcard",
  "signature_zh": "OAuth2 redirect_uri 开放重定向允许攻击者通过未验证的通配符拦截授权码",
  "regex": "redirect_uri.*wildcard|redirect_uri.*\\*|redirect_uri.*open redirect",
  "domain": "security",
  "category": "auth_error",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "The OAuth2 authorization server accepts a redirect_uri with a wildcard domain (e.g., *.example.com) that matches an attacker-controlled subdomain, enabling authorization code interception.",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "OAuth2 授权服务器接受带有通配符域名的 redirect_uri（例如 *.example.com），该通配符匹配攻击者控制的子域名，从而允许授权码拦截。",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "OAuth 2.0 RFC 6749",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "Spring Security OAuth2 5.8.0",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "Keycloak 22.0.0",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "This completely bypasses security and allows any attacker to use any redirect URI",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Regex still allows attacker-controlled subdomains; the wildcard itself is the vulnerability",
      "fail_rate": 0.8,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Expanding wildcards increases attack surface and does not fix the core issue",
      "fail_rate": 0.9,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Replace wildcard redirect_uri with an exact match list. Example in Spring Security: `clientRegistration.redirectUri(\"https://app.example.com/callback\")`",
      "success_rate": 0.88,
      "how": "Replace wildcard redirect_uri with an exact match list. Example in Spring Security: `clientRegistration.redirectUri(\"https://app.example.com/callback\")`",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Implement a strict URI validation that rejects any URI containing a wildcard or asterisk character. Add a check: `if (redirectUri.contains(\"*\")) { throw new InvalidRedirectUriException(); }`",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "Implement a strict URI validation that rejects any URI containing a wildcard or asterisk character. Add a check: `if (redirectUri.contains(\"*\")) { throw new InvalidRedirectUriException(); }`",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "Use a whitelist of exact redirect URIs with no wildcards; validate using string equality or exact prefix match",
      "success_rate": 0.92,
      "how": "Use a whitelist of exact redirect URIs with no wildcards; validate using string equality or exact prefix match",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Replace wildcard redirect_uri with an exact match list. Example in Spring Security: `clientRegistration.redirectUri(\"https://app.example.com/callback\")`",
    "Implement a strict URI validation that rejects any URI containing a wildcard or asterisk character. Add a check: `if (redirectUri.contains(\"*\")) { throw new InvalidRedirectUriException(); }`",
    "Use a whitelist of exact redirect URIs with no wildcards; validate using string equality or exact prefix match"
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-10.15",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "OAUTH2-003",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.85,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.88,
  "resolvable": "true",
  "first_seen": "2024-03-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}